Day 3 :
Keynote Forum
Dieter M Gruen
Dimerond Technologies, LLC, USA
Keynote: Hybrid conversion solar system (HYCSOS): Affordable solar electricity by doubling the power from sunshine
Biography:
Dieter M. Gruen received his Ph.D. in Chemical Physics from the University of Chicago. He has published over 400 peer reviewed papers and holds more than 60 US patents. Dr. Gruen began his scientific career as a member of the Manhattan Project team working at Oak Ridge Tennessee on the separation of Uranium isotopes. He has been the recipient of many honors and distinctions. His 25years of pioneering research in various aspects of nanocarbon physics and chemistry were highlighted by the award of the year 2000 Medal of the Materials Research Society for the discovery, synthesis and characterization of ultrananocrystalline diamond films (UNCD), a new and exceedingly useful form of nanocarbon.
Dr. Gruen was an Associate Director of the Materials Science Division at Argonne National Laboratory and is an Argonne Distinguished Fellow, Emeritus. Currently he occupies the position of President of Dimerond Technologies, LLC which is developing the Hybrid Conversion Solar System (HYCSOS) designed to generate affordable solar electricity by doubling the power from sunshine.
Abstract:
Solar electricity today is still too expensive by about a factor of two compared to electricity generated by using fossil or nuclear fuels. The Hybrid Conversion Solar System (HYCSOS) is being developed to make solar electricity competitive in the market place by converting sunlight to electricity much more efficiently than has ever been possible before. HYCSOS technology accomplishes this by combining photovoltaic (PV or direct) and thermal (indirect) conversion in a single facility with the combined power output of separate PV and thermal power plants. This approach would lower the cost of solar electricity by about a factor two by strongly reducing plant capital costs.
HYCSOS technology disposes a new generation of solar cells in thermal contact with the heat receiving elements of Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) plants. These special solar cells use wide band-gap aligned nanowire cores coated with graphene to operate efficiently at a temperature of 400 C where CSP plants convert heat to electricity. In this way, light is converted to electricity using both PV and thermal conversion simultaneously.
The special HYCSOS cells are designed in such a way as to incorporate and to take full advantage of two major recent advances in nanotechnology: the discovery of graphene for which the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded and certain astounding, recently explored properties of self-assembled nanowire arrays. The program to construct and test such cells is based on at least two highly favorable considerations: the existence of graphene/wide band-gap semiconductor diodes that show current rectification properties at temperatures as high as 900 C and recent experiments supported by quantum mechanical calculations showing that charge transfer at graphene/wide band-gap semiconductor junctions exceeds electron/hole recombination rates. Experiment and theory combine therefore strongly to encourage the further development of the HYCSOS concept.
- Track 6: Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering
Track 7: Materials Chemistry (Organic and Inorganic) and Sustainable Chemistry
Track 10: Emerging Areas of Materials Science and Nanotechnology
Chair
Ramesh K. Agarwal
Washington University, USA
Co-Chair
Nezar H Khdary
King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia
Session Introduction
Ramesh K. Agarwal
Washington University, USA
Title: Acoustic metamaterials membranes for low frequency sound attenuation
Time : 09:30-09:50
Biography:
Professor Ramesh K. Agarwal is the William Palm Professor of Engineering at Washington University in St. Louis. From 1994 to 2001, he was the Sam Bloomfield Distinguished Professor and Executive Director of the National Institute for Aviation Research at Wichita State University in Kansas. From 1978 to 1994, he worked in various scientific and managerial positions at McDonnell Douglas Research Laboratories in St. Louis. He became the Program Director and McDonnell Douglas Fellow in 1990. Dr. Agarwal received Ph.D in Aeronautical Sciences from Stanford University in 1975, M.S. in Aeronautical Engineering from the University of Minnesota in 1969 and B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India in 1968. He is the author and coauthor of over 500 publications and serves on the editorial board of 20+ journals. He has given many plenary, keynote and invited lectures at various national and international conferences worldwide. He is a Fellow of AAAS, ASME, AIAA, IEEE, SAE and SME.
Abstract:
Low frequency noise has long been regarded as a form of noise pollution due to its high penetrating power. The reduction of low frequency noise from aircraft and automobile engines remains a challenge since the conventional acoustic liners are not able to absorb the low frequency noise radiation. Membrane-type acoustic metamaterials (MAMs) have demonstrated unusual capacity in controlling low-frequency sound transmission and reflection. The MAM is composed of a pre-stretched elastic membrane with attached rigid masses. In this keynote paper, the problems associated with low frequency noise will be discussed. The recent analytical/computational/experimental research on acoustic metamaterial membranes in controlling and attenuating the low frequency noise will be presented
Nezar H Khdary
King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia
Title: Uniformly distributed copper nanoparticles supported on mesoporous silica for greenhouse gas capturing
Time : 09:50-10:10
Biography:
Nezar H. Khdary obtained his PhD from the University of Southampton, UK 2005. He is a member of Royal Society of chemistry (MRSC,CChem), American Chemical Society, The New York Academy of Sciences, Saudi Chemical Society and Saudi Computer Society,. In 2012 he nominated an assistant professor visitor at Northwestern University. Currently Dr. Khdary is associate professor at King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology) KACST, Saudi Arabia. His interest in nanoparticles synthesis, modification and applications, public health and computer graphic software.
Abstract:
We have successfully demonstrated that by changing the synthesizing conditions, MSNs, with different morphologies can be produced. Rod shape MSNs with very high surface area was obtained by carrying out the static condensation at ambient conditions. While Spherical shape MSNs was obtained when the static conditions was performed at 100°C. Loading copper metal in the rod shape MSNs using the chemical modification with PEDA produced very uniform and well distributed nanoparticles. The XRD indicated that the formation of crystalline copper nanoparticles. The rod shape MSNs showed higher CO2 adsorption properties than the spherical counterpart thanks to high surface area and accessibility of the pores. Loading the copper nanoparticles using DAE via physical interaction between the MSNs and DAE produced very poor distribution of non-uniform aggregates of the copper nanoparticles. Therefore, the CO2 adsorption was less than that obtained when PEDA was used. This demonstrates the pre-modification of silica surface with PEDA significantly enhanced the the molecular level during the synthesis and to the absence of the heat treatment during the reduction step. In addition the advantage of this method is the nanoparticles synthesis involves the complexation of Cu2+ ions with the ethylenediamine functional groups which minimizes the aggregation between the produced metal nanoparticles.
Lucie Himmlova
Charles University, Czech Republic
Title: The response of HMSC-bm, SaOS-2 and imunocompetent cells to calcium phosphate doped alginate coatings on titanium surfaces
Time : 10:25-10:45
Biography:
Lucie Himmlova has completed her PhD at the age of 32 years at the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague. Her specialization is the surface treatment of implants and dental biomechanics. She is a teacher and a research fellow at the School of Dentistry and she was a principal investigator of 6 projects. She has published more than 40 papers in international journals.
Abstract:
The release of calcium and phosphate ions into the interface around orthopedic and dental implants may improve the bone healing. Human mesenchymal stem cells derived from the bone marrow (HMSC-bm), imunocompetent (mononuclear) cells obtained from buffy coat and connective tissue cell lines SaOS-2 were used for testing of alginate hydrogel layers doped with hydroxyapatite (Ti/ALG/HAP) or beta-tricalcium phosphate (Ti/ALG/TCP) immobilized onto titanium (Ti) surfaces. The pristine Ti and alginate (ALG) served as control surfaces. Cytokine production was assessed by multiplex proteomic analysis RayBio Human Inflammation Array (RayBiotech, USA) after 3 and 7 days cultivation. Each cell type produced a different spectrum of cytokines. Mononuclear cells produced preferentially factors of nonspecific immunity (MIP, RANTES, MCP-1, IL-6 and IL-8) in doses higher than detected for the positive control of the RayBio array. The cytokine production declined in the order Ti/ALG/HAP --->Ti --->Ti/ALG/TCP ---> Ti/ALG. HMSC-bm produced mostly chemokines activating predominantly chemotaxis and activating monocytes, granulocytes and neutrophils, but in doses lower than mononuclear cells. SaOS-2 cells produced the broadest spectrum of cytokines but in low doses and with no significant difference between Ti/ALG/HAP and Ti/ALG/TCP surfaces. The immune response of mononuclear and stem cells showed differences between materials, whereas SaOS-2 cells weren’t sufficiently sensitive. Therefore, besides SaOS-2 cells, HMSC-bm and mononuclear cells should be also considered for in vitro evaluation of overall inflammatory response induced by presence of the implant.
Ferial M. Tera
National Institute of Standards, Egypt
Title: Synthesis and characterization of modified (PVA) membranes
Biography:
Ferial M. Tera is an Emeritus Professor at the Textile Metrology Department. She has achieved many grants and medals for her work. She has published more than 120 scientific papers. She is holding a patent for invention a Light Fastness Tester that measures fastness to light of any colored materials.
Abstract:
This work dealt with synthesis and characterization of modified polyvinyl membrane cross – linked on polyester fabric by using three different aldehyde solutions namely: formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and gluteraldyhyed. Scanning electron microscope and transition microscope were used to study the surface morphology of the produced membranes and to follow membrane structure changes due to changing cross-linking agents. The obtained results showed that optimum conditions of aldehyde cross-linking concentrations of the membranes are those prepared by using 10% formaldehyde with 1.5% gluteraldehyde. These conditions gave the prepared membranes excellent mechanical properties and also good results in the filtration of waste water containing high amounts of organic matter and some elements.
Ashutosh Naik
Biocon research Limited, India
Title: The effect of the type of HA on the degradation and mechanical properties of PLGA/HA composites
Biography:
Ashutosh Naik has completed his PhD from the University of Cambridge in 2013 in Materials Science, after his MRes in Nanomedicine at the University of Newcastle and a BTech In Bio-Technology from JNTU, Hyderabad. He is currently working as Principal scientist (R&D department) at Biocon, India’s largest biopharmaceutical company working on novel insulins. He has published papers in the Journal of Materials Science and Engineering C and the Indian Heart Journal and has peer reviewed articles for Journal of Materials Science and Engineering C and Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine
Abstract:
Phase pure HA was synthesised via a reaction between aqueous solutions of calcium hydroxide and orthophosphoric acid. The powder produced was either used as produced (uncalcined) or calcined in air or calcined in a humidified argon atmosphere. An in-vitro degradation study was carried out in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) to understand the importance of the effect of calcination of HA on the properties of PLGA/HA composites. The importance of the potentially competing effects of buffering effects of the calcium phosphate filler and particle-mediated water sorption on the degradation products of PLGA/HA composites was explored. The influence of type of HA on the mechanical properties of the composites was also investigated. The results obtained indicated that the degradation rate of the composite might be better understood if both the buffering effects and the rate of water sorption by the composites are considered.
Virginia Paredes
Universidad ECCI Bogotá, Colombia
Title: Assessment of biomimectic modification on a novel low elastic modulus Ti–Nb–Hf alloy for dental implants
Time : 11:25-11:45
Biography:
Virginia Paredes began studying Mechanical Engineering in Venezuela (1998), she was Project Manager (1998-2008). In 2008, she was awarded the “FUNDAYACUCHO†fellowship by Fundación Gran Mariscal de Ayacucho of Venezuela, and she completed her PhD in Biomedical Engineering (Biomaterials) from Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, Spain in 2012, (“Biofunctionalized metal surfaces for bone tissue regenerationâ€). In 2012 she joined the “Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering†(UPC) as researcher. In 2013 she has been working in Colombia development project related to biomimetic modified metal surface. She has participated in international congress and published several peer review journals index.
Abstract:
Currently, the material most commonly used as implants to bone regeneration, have elastic modulus between 220 GPa (CoCr) and 110 GPa (Ti), however the cortical bone has a elastic bone of 7-25 GPa1,2, then, there is a tendency to show a stress shielding effect.3–5 Therefore, low modulus alloy are nowadays desired, because the modulus required for implant must be more similar to that of bone, which will inhibit bone atrophy and induce good bone remodeling as stated above.2–4 Different authors say that Ti alloy containing elements no toxic as Nb, Zr, Ta, Mo, Hf, Fe, Sn, Zr improve mechanical properties, low elastic modulus, biocorrosion resistance, also they have biocompatible and have not allergic problems2–5 For this study a Ti alloy (TiHfNb) was used. Unlike other Ti alloys employed as implant materials it is Ni free, and therefore able to show good resistance and presents an elastic modulus of 74 GPa.6–12. Although the excellent qualities this material lacks bioactivity, in order to overcome this drawback were incorporated on the surfaces biological molecules (RGD, FHRRIKA, PHSRN and mixtures). These peptide sequences have previously shown to improve cell adhesion interactions13, 14. Finally, cells adhesion studies on modified surfaces were made for to evaluate the biomimetic modification.
Dmytro Kevorkov
Concordia University, Canada
Title: Mechanism of material removal in Ti-6Al-4V at the incubation and advanced water droplet erosion stages
Biography:
Dmytro Kevorkov has completed his first PhD in Inorganic Chemistry at the age of 25 years from Lviv State University (Ukraine) and second PhD in Materials Engineering at the age of 28 years from Technical University of Clausthal (Germany). He accomplished his postdoctoral studies from École Polytechnique de Montréal, UQAM University and McGill University (Canada). He is Research associate at Concordia University (Canada). He has published 59 papers in reputed journals. His main research interests are development and characterization of novel materials and metallurgy.
Abstract:
Water droplet erosion (WDE) is a special form of erosion produced by repetitive impingement of high velocity liquid droplets on a solid surface. The mechanism of the erosion process is complex by virtue of the many parameters involved including: impact velocity, impact angle, droplet size, droplet density, frequency of impacts and mechanical properties and condition of the target material. Water erosion damage is often experienced in steel and Ti-6Al-4V compressor blades used in the power generation industry. In this study, the WDE behaviour and the mechanism of material removal (damage) in Ti-6Al-4V during the incubation and advanced WDE stages were investigated. The WDE test was conducted in a rotating disc rig in accordance with ASTM G73 Standard practice for liquid impingement erosion testing. The influence of impact speed between 150 and 350m/s on the WDE behaviour was explored and the cumulative mass losses versus the exposure time/number of impingements graphs were reported. Based on the graphs, we observed that increasing the impact speed showed faster erosion initiation times and greater erosion rates (ERmax). For instance, initiation times of 340, 12 and 3 minutes and ERmax of 1.65x10-5, 68x10-5 and 412x10-5g/min were recorded for impact speeds of 200, 250 and 350m/s respectively. Moreover, on a log-log graph of ERmax versus impact speed, it was also observed that the ERmax was related to the impact speed with an exponent of 8. Furthermore, our SEM micrographs showed that during the incubation period, material damage was mainly limited to the generation of microcracks, isolated pits and shallow depressions. More so, we have concluded that the main causes were the high pressure exerted by the relative high speed between the droplets and the test specimen and the lateral jetting (radial out flow) of the liquid droplet generating local shaped-charge-like droplet impacts. These causes were also the primary reasons for fatigue induced spalling of significant material during the advanced stage. We also concluded that the most profound mode of material removal during this advanced stage was hydraulic penetration of the liquid into the initial pits thereby, forcing large chunks of material to be removed. However, fatigue cracks, sub-surface cracks, micro jetting and material folding were also typical features observed and reported.
Dongsheng Li
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, USA
Title: In situ investigations of particle-mediated crystal growth
Biography:
Dr. Dongsheng Li completed her PhD in 2005 from Penn State University, majoring in materials science and engineering. Her PhD research focused on nanomaterials synthesis and characterization. She spent three years at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory as a project scientist, developing methods with in situ TEM to investigate particle nucleation and growth, and particle mediated crystal growth. She is currently a staff scientist at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. She has published over 30 papers in respected journals and has been serving as a reviewer for journals such as Journal of Physics; Nanotechnology; and the Journal of the American Ceramic Society, etc.
Abstract:
Assembly of molecular clusters and nanoparticles in solution is now recognized as an important mechanism of crystal growth in many materials, yet the assembly process and attachment mechanisms are poorly understood. To achieve this understanding we are investigating nucleation and assembly of iron and titanium oxides using in situ and ex-situ TEM, and the forces that drive oriented attachment between nanocrystals and the factors that control them via AFM-based dynamic force spectroscopy (DFS). Our hypothesis is that attachment is due to reduction of surface energy and the driving forces that bring the particles together are a mix dipole-dipole interactions, van der Waals forces, and Coulombic interactions. Therefore they can be controlled via pH, ionic strength (IS), and ionic speciation. In-situ TEM shows that, in the iron oxide system, primary particles interact with one another through translational and rotational diffusion until a near-perfect lattice match is obtained either with true crystallographic alignment or across a twin plane. Oriented attachment then occurs through a sudden jump-to-contact. Analysis of the acceleration during attachment indicates it is driven by electrostatic attraction. Ex-situ TEM analysis shows that the TiO2 nanowire branching occurs through attachment of anatase nanoparticles to rutile wires on a specific crystallographic plane for which the anatase-to-rutile transformation leads to creation of a twin plane. Initial DFS measurements of the forces between (104) planes of CaCO3, (001) crystal basal planes of mica, and (001) planes of ZnO show that the forces have strong relationship to pH, IS, and crystal orientation.
Udai P. Singh
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India
Title: Structure, photophysical and adsorption Studies of Zn(II)/Co(II) 2D flexible metal organic frameworks constructed by anthracene based ligands with sulfonic acids
Biography:
Prof. Udai P. Singh completed his Ph.D from BHU in 1988. Currently he is professor chemistry department at IIT Roorkee and Dean Administration. He has supervised 16 Ph.D and published 174 papers in reputed journals. His research area is Bioinorganic chemistry / Supramolecular chemistry.
Abstract:
The prolific production of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) based on conformational flexible ligands has drawn the researchers towards the growth of novel crystalline frameworks with desired attributes. This feature of conformation mobility on coupling with coordination preferences of metal ions provides a means to generate dynamic porous MOFs which responds on external stimuli. To this end, we have constructed Zn(II)/ Co(II) MOFs using flexible ligands i.e., 9,10-bis(imidazole-1-ylmethyl)antracene/9,10-bis(1H-triazole-1-ylmethyl)antracene and different substituted sulfonic acids later these coordination polymer has been employed for the tailoring of isostructural two dimensional flexible metal organic framework. All MOFs were characterized by IR, SC-XRD analysis and the thermal stability of the frameworks was supported by TGA/DSC analysis. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the complexes are isostructural and show flexibility in the framework. The theoretical studies were also carried out by DFT energy calculation using B3LYP/LANL2DZ as a basis set. Furthermore, the photophysical properties of complexes in the solid state and adsorption studies are also investigated.
Jae Hong Park
Korea National NanoFab Center, Republic of Korea
Title: Reversible nano-lithography for commercial approaches
Biography:
Dr. Jae Hong Park has completed his Ph.D at the age of 33 years from Seoul National University and postdoctoral studies from Korea Institute of Science and Technology and Harvard Medical School, respectively. He is a senior researcher of National NanoFab Center in Korea. He has published more than 50 papers in reputed SCI journals and serving as an editorial board member of repute.
Abstract:
One of the two main processes of engineering nanostructures is the top down method, which is a direct engineering method for Si-type materials using photolithography or e-beam lithography. The other method is the bottom-up method, using nano-imprinting. However, these methods are very dependent on the equipment used, and have a high process cost. They are also relatively inefficient methods in terms of processing time and energy. Therefore, some researchers have studied the replication of nano-scale patterns via the soft lithographic concept, which is more efficient and requires a lower processing cost. In this study, accurate nanostructures with various aspect ratios are created on several types of materials. A silicon (Si) nanomold is preserved using the method described, and target nanostructures are replicated reversibly and unlimitedly to or from various hard and soft materials. The optimum method of transferring nanostructures on polymeric materials to metallic materials using electroplating technology was also described. Optimal replication and demolding processes for nanostructures with high aspect ratios, which proved the most difficult, were suggested by controlling the surface energy between the functional materials. Relevant numerical studies and analysis were also performed. Our results showed that it was possible to realize accurate nanostructures with high depth aspect ratios of up to 1:18 on lines with widths from 300–400 nm. In addition, we were able to expand the applicability of the nano structured mold by adopting various backing materials, including a rounded substrate. The application scope was extended further by transferring the nanostructures between different species of materials, including metallic materials as well as an identical species of material. In particular, the methodology suggested in this research provides the great possibility of creating nanostructures composed of various materials, such as soft polymer, hard polymer, and metal, as well as Si. Such nanostructures are required for a vast range of optical and display devices, photonic components, physical devices, energy devices including electrodes of secondary batteries, fuel cells, solar cells, and energy harvesters, biological devices including biochips, biomimetic or biosimilar structured devices, and mechanical devices including micro- or nano-scale sensors and actuators.
Fozia Rehman
University of Campinas, Brazil
Title: Synthesis, characterization and application of mesoporous silicas SBA-15 and its hybrid containing Glycidyl Methacrylate organo bridge for the controlled release of ibuprofen and mesalamine drugs in biological fluids
Time : 13:30-13:50
Biography:
Dr. Fozia Rehman completed her doctorate in 2014, in the field of Inorganic Chemistry from the Institute of chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil. She was awarded scholarship from “The world Academy of Sciencesâ€, Italy and National Council of Research and Development (CNPq), Brazil to pursue her PhD studies in Brazil. Currently Dr. Fozia is working on synthesis and modification of silica nanoparticles for the application in drug delivery, removal of heavy metal and organic pollutants from water. She also worked in collaboration on a joint research project of UNICAMP and UCL-School of Pharmacy. Dr. Fozia has presented her research work in various national/International conferences and she has published her work in reputed journals with high impact factors. She participated in International conference and Expo on materials Science and Engineering, Chicago-2012 and her work has been published in the proceedings of Materials Science and Engineering journal. Vol. 1, issue 3, Oct, 2012.
Abstract:
Mesoporous silica SBA-15 was synthesized and immobilized with bridged polysilsesquioxane monomers obtained by the reaction of 3-aminopropyltriethoxy silane with glycidyl methacrylate in 2:1 ratio. The synthesized mesoporous silica materials were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption, X-rays diffraction, thermogravimetry and scanning electron microscopy. The nuclear magnetic resonance in the solid state is in agreement with the sequence of carbon distributed in the attached organic chains, as expected for the organically functionalized mesoporous silica. After functionalization with organic bridges the BET surface area was reduced from 1311.80 to 494.2 m2 g-1 and pore volume reduced from 1.98 to 0.89 cm3 g-1, when compared to original precursor silica. The incorporation of organic groups onto the silica surface increased the drug loading capacity and also demonstrated controlled release of ibuprofen and mesalamine drug in biological fluids. To investigate the release rate and mechanism from the synthesized silicas, zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, Hixson-Crowell and Peppas and Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic models were applied. The results suggest that the organo-functionalized hybrid silica could be a simple, efficient, inexpensive and convenient host for the controlled release of drugs.
Hameed Ullah
Hazara University, Pakistan
Title: Synthesis and characterization of nanodiamonds-zinc oxide nanocomposites by ball milling technique
Time : 13:50-14:10
Biography:
Dr. Hameed Ullah completed his Ph. D from the University of Saarland, Germany under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Michael Veith. He has worked upon the synthesis of single source molecular precursors which have been used in MOCVD process for preparation of nano thin films. After completion of Ph. D, he has joined Hazara University, Pakistan, as Assistant Professor. He has published numerous articles in peer reviewed journals and presented his research work in various international conferences in different countries. He has many M. Phil and Ph. D students under supervision working upon the synthesis, characterization and applications of nanomaterials. He is serving as a reviewer of different international journals.
Abstract:
Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is one of the very important transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) for applications in optoelectronic devices, which work in the blue and UV regions [1]. The importance of ZnO as an optoelectronics material is due to its wide bandgap (3.37 eV) and larger binding energy (60 meV) [2]. However, to meet the demands of highly versatile ZnO nanomaterials for practical applications, various modifications in physico-chemical characteristics are required. The characteristics of ZnO could be effectively tuned by tuning the microstructure. One way for altering the properties is the synthesis of ZnO nanocomposite with various materials. Here we report upon the doping of ZnO with nanodiamonds (NDs) to effectively alter its optoelectronic properties. The doping is performed by ball milling technique. The effects of NDs contents upon the microstructure and subsequently, upon the characteristics of ZnO has been investigated in detail. The synthesis of the ND/ZnO nanocomposites are monitored by using different characterization techniques including IR spectroscopy, powder X-rays diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-rays spectroscopy (EDX). The optoelectronic characteristics are studied by using ultraviolet-visible (UVV) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. It has been found that the band gap decreases with increasing contents of NDs (Fig. 1). The red shift promises the use of ND/ZnO nanocomposite in solar cells, and photocatalysis system operating in the visible range of the sunlight spectrum.
P.K Shishodia
University of Delhi, India
Title: ZnO based dilute magnetic semiconductor thin films by Sol-Gel method
Biography:
Dr. P. K. Shishodia is an Associate Professor at the Zakir Husain Delhi College, University of Delhi (India). He obtained his Ph.D in Physics from University of Delhi in 1991. His major research interest includes the growth and characterization of semiconductor material thin films, nanomaterials, photovoltaics and dilute magnetic oxides. He was a Visiting Scientist in Toyohashi University of Technology, Japan during 2003-2004. He has published more than 35 research papers in the peer reviewed international journals and proceedings. He is also a Co-Editor of the book entitled "Zinc Oxide Materials and Devices" published in 2006 by Pentagon Press. He has also attended and organized various national and international conferences held in India and abroad.
Abstract:
Magnetism in transition metal (TM) doped ZnO thin films and bulk has been a continued interesting area for research because it has the possibility of being dilute magnetic semiconductor with a Curie temperature near or above room temperature. Studies of doping of ZnO with metals like Mn, Co, Ni, Fe, Cr etc. have an inherent problem whether observed ferromagnetism is an intrinsic property or it is the effect of clustering of the magnetic dopant. Some of recent theoretical and experimental works have predicted that ZnO doped with TM, can exhibit ferromagnetism at or above room temperature. In this work we have investigated structural, optical and magnetic behavior of Co doped ZnO thin films by varying the doping concentration from 0-10%. The films have been deposited on corning glass (7059) and Si (100) substrates using sol-gel spin coating method and annealed at 550° C in air. The films were found to possess c-axis orientation and exhibited polycrystalline hexagonal wurtzite structure. The grain size was estimated by the Debye-Scherrer’s and Williamson-Hall plots. The Raman spectra of thin films recorded at room temperature in backscattering mode showed the prominent peaks at 302 cm-1, 434 cm-1,490 cm-1, 520 cm-1 and 715 cm-1. For Co doped ZnO thin films, the intensity of the peaks at 490 cm-1 and 715 cm-1 corresponding to the spinel structure of ZnCo2O4 sharpen with the increase in Co concentration. Undoped ZnO thin film were transparent (>90%) in the visible region which further reduces with the Co doping. Optical bandgap of Co doped ZnO thin films has been estimated using tauc’s plot. M-H and M-T curves derived from vibrating sample magnetometer and physical property measurement system show ferromagnetism in Co doped ZnO thin films.
Reddappa H N
Bangalore Institute of Technology, India
Title: Optimization of process parameters for the Al6061-red mud particulate composites using Taguchi method
Biography:
Dr. H N Reddappa has completed his PhD at the age of 41 years from Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum, Karnataka, India. He is working as Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangalore Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India. He has published more than 27 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of repute and guiding 3 Ph.D research scholars. He has attended 44 workshops/conferences both in India and Abroad also. He has visited countries like Malaysia & China for the presentation of his research papers in various International conferences. Presently he is working as coordinator for Students Project Program (SPP) of Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of Karnataka. Also guided more than 10 projects (B.E.) in different Engineering colleges where he has worked so far.
Abstract:
The present investigation has been done to study the effect of different input process parameters on Al606-Red mud composites, namely particle size, wt. % of Red mud particles and stirring speed on the hardness, impact strength and tensile strength. Three parameter i.e. particle sizes of Red mud (50, 75 and 100 micron), wt. % of reinforcement (5%, 10% and 15%), stirring speed (100, 200, 300 rpm) was used to fabricate different samples of composites by using liquid metallurgy route (stir casting technique). Each parameter has three different levels. L9 orthogonal array table used to made different specimen. The effect of these input process parameters on the output response has been analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The contribution of each process parameters on the hardness, impact strength and tensile strength was analyzed by using ANOVA. The results have shown that the particle size of Red mud particles, the wt. % of Red mud and stirring speed have a significant effect on the hardness, impact strength and tensile strength.
Mehdi Montakhabrazlighi
Boğaziçi University, Turkey
Title: Integrated CALPHAD-neural network method for design of low density Ni-base superalloys
Biography:
Mehdi Montakhabrazlighi is PhD student of Mechanical Engineering at Boğaziçi University in Istanbul, Türkey.
Abstract:
The neural network (NN) method is applied to alloy development of single crystal Ni-base Superalloys with low density and high rupture resistance. A set of 1200 dataset which includes chemical composition of the alloys, applied stress and temperature as inputs and density and time to rupture as outputs is used for training and testing the network. The model capability is then improved by adding Gamma-Prime phase volume fraction data at desired temperatures which obtained from modeling by CALPHAD method. The model is first trained by 80% of the data and the 20% rest is used to test it. Comparing the predicted values and the experimental ones showed that a well-trained network is capable of accurately predicting the density and time to rupture strength of the Ni-base superalloys. Modeling results is used to determine the effect of alloying elements, stress, temperature and gamma-prime phase volume fraction on rupture strength of the Ni-base superalloys. This approach is in line with the materials genome initiative and integrated computed materials engineering approaches promoted recently.
Yakubu Azeh
Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Nigeria
Title: The effect of pre-treatment solutions and time on acetylation of wood flour using vinegar
Biography:
Azeh Yakubu had his BSc Chemistry in 2000 at the University of Abuja. He obtained an MSc Degree in Chemistry with specialization in Organic Chemistry in 2011 at the University of Ilorin, Ilorin. Nigeria. He is presently a PhD candidate conducting researches on cellulose and nanocellulose modification, cellulose blends, composite and cellulose films/membrane, wood and lignocellulosic resources in the same university. He is currently teaching Organic Chemistry and conducting Researches on modification of lignocellulosic biomass using commercial vinegar at the Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria. He has published two books and more than 12 papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
Effect of pre-treatments and time on acetylation wood flour obtained from four different wood species grown in Nigeria using vinegar was investigated. Similar weight gains in acetyl were obtained despite varied pre-treatment procedure employed and acetylation of samples increased with increasing time of acetylation. This research work has shown that commercial house hold bleach could be used as substitute for NaOH for fiber pre-treatment and other solvents used for removal of wood extractives. FT-IR spectroscopy was very vital in providing evidence of the success of acetylation as it was used for characterization of important functionalities of acetylated products. Important absorptions in the acetate group were detected and these include; C─O, C=O, ─C─CH3─, and the reduction in ─OH absorptions also showed that some level of acetylation occurred. This work further opens door to new application of vinegar in wood industry for surface modification of wood and lignocellulosic fibers for various applications.
Gouri Sankhar Brahma
ICFAI Foundation for Higher Education, India
Title: Method validation using HPLC for the isolation, separation and quantification of some biologically active compounds
Biography:
Dr. Gouri Sankhar Brahma completed his Ph.D. in 2003 from Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. He is an Assistant Professor in Chemistry in Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science & Technology, The ICFAI Foundation for Higher Education (a deemed university located in Hyderabad, India). He has published more than 20 papers in reputed journals and was serving as a consulting Editor for the IUP Journal of Environmental Sciences for a period of 4 years (2008 to 2012)
Abstract:
Method validation for the identification, isolation, separation and purification of one typical class of biologically active purine based alkaloid viz. Caffeine was carried out using reverse phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography technique (HPLC) in the isocratic mode. Conventional solvent extraction technique involving differential and incremental solvation procedure by binary solvent mixtures was adopted to extract the total alkaloids present in the samples. Non polar protic constitutive solvent (ethylene glycol), Polar aprotic dissociative solvent (1,4-dioxane) in aqueous medium at a composition of 20% + 70% was used for extraction of purine alkaloids from the samples. Uv-visible spetrophotometry was used to ascertain the presence of the alkaloid in the samples. The operational parameters (Caffeine); C-18 column, CH3CN + MeOH + H2O at pH =8.8 (phosphate buffer), u =1ml/min, Pinlet= 130-140 bar,ï€ ï¬ = 273 nm (VWD), T = ambient at 27 oC,ï€ ï¨ï€ = 10-3 N sec m-2, D = 10-9 m2 sec-1, ï† = 1000, h = 3 and dP = 5 mm was found to be the optimal parametric combination for the effective analysis of this purine based alkaloid by HPLC. Recovery rate of caffeine from samples are estimated to be: 100%, 97%, 98.5%, 98%, 96% & 98.8% for Lamolate®, Coffee beans, Tea Leaves, soft drink -1 (Pepsi), soft drink -2 (Coke) & soft drink -3 (Thums up) respectively.
Bichitra Nandi Ganguly
Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, India
Title: Structural analysis of nano- metallic oxide particles with their surface conjugated systems and applications
Biography:
BICHITRA NANDI GANGULY has completed his PhD from Calcutta University (1986) and postdoctoral studies from Institute de Physique Nucleairé (French CNRS 1986-87). She is a Professor of Applied Nuclear Physics Division, of Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, a premier research organization (Govt of India, DAE). She has taught students and guided Ph.D. thesis, has published more than 60 papers in reputed journals has authorship articles in books and encyclopedia, served as editor of International journals.
Abstract:
Metallic oxide (MO) for example GaO(OH), ZnO nanoparticles(NPs) (grown in the template of large surface active molecules) are biologically useful, luminescent material. These can be used for multifunctional purposes, such as biosensor, bioimaging, and targeted drug delivery. Though, ZnO is categorized as: “generally recognized as safe†(GRAS) but ZnO nanoparticle system may be cytotoxic. ZnO nanosystem could be of important relevance in the context of nanomedicine, where targeted treatment of biological systems at molecular level is a necessity. Preparation of metal-oxide (MO) nano system (quantum dots) with their surface modification and bio-conjugation for selective destruction of tumor cells and their potential use for drug delivery applications is the cardinal issue of this presentation. The relevant literature studies suggest that there is an urgent need to develop new classes of anticancer agents and recent studies demonstrate that ZnO nanomaterials hold considerable promise. Similarly GaO(OH) is also another wide band gap semiconductor nano oxide, which could be tagged with radioactive Ga -68 in soluble form to be selectively applied to tumor cell uptake and used for diagnostic purpose using positron emission tomography (PET). In this context, sol-gel chemical method was used to develop the uniform size MO nanoparticles, agglomeration of the these particles to large sizes was prevented due to surface charge density of biologically relevant ligands used in the medium. The characteristic crystalline structure of wurtzite ZnO and orthorhombic GaO(OH) nano particles in the X-ray diffraction analysis has been confirmed. Also, the structural morphology and size determination through TEM, and the band gap analysis of the synthesized particles have been performed. For the detailed micro structural analysis and any surface conjugation related studies in the micro crystalline nanomaterials, (with respect to the ligand concentration), the material has been subjected to positron annihilation spectroscopic studies using coincidence Doppler broadening line shape studies with ‘S’ and ‘W’ parameter analysis. A two detector coincidence Doppler broadening(CDB) of positron annihilation radiation studies to probe the differences of highly pure as prepared MO nano material samples and the bio-templated sol-gel grown sample, considering their ratio curves of CDB annihilation radiation, has been undertaken. The results show important surface structural features (owing to elemental analysis) of the attached bio-ligands. The presence of MO nano-particles conjugated bio-ligands have been also identified with the characteristic stretching frequencies in FT- I.R. spectroscopic studies. Fluorescence emission characteristics of the NPs have also studied. Quenching of the fluorescence intensity of the GaO(OH)-NP through bio-conjugation exhibited Förster resonance energy transfer(FRET) mechanism. Further, in vitro studies of the cytotoxic effects of the surface conjugated nanoparticles are in progress.
Sampath Kumar M.C
B.M.S College of engineering, India
Title: Cleaner technologies through optimization of resources
Biography:
Dr. Sampath kumar M.C. is faculty at the civil engineering Department at B.M.S College of engineering Bangalore, India. He is involved in Teaching, research and environmental application activities. His area of interest is in the field of Remote sensing and GIS for natural resources conservation.
Abstract:
The Paper describes the studies conducted on application of cleaner technology practices and its impact on environment in three industries at different geographical locations. The industries under investigation were a Brewery, Pharmaceutical Industry and a chemical additive industry.The studies involved Industry specific issues such as cleaner technologies, substitution of process chemicals, use of alternate raw materials and process modification. The charecteristics under consideration varied from energy consumption,water balance,hazardous waste handling and ambient noise levels.The studies were supplemented with Estimation of carbon credits and economics.Studies were further facilitated by GIS tools involving GPS suveys,Geoinformatics to assess the impact on Ground water quality by sampling and charecterisation of 90 ground water samples around these industries spread on a vast geographical area.Based on these studies need based solutions have been arrived at to minimise environmental damage and strengthen Green initiatives which has brought a distinct change in the quality of work practices in these industries and community at large.
Paul A.P Mamza
Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria
Title: Comparative study of Phenol Formaldehyde and Urea Formaldehyde particleboards from wood waste for sustainable environment
Biography:
Paul Andrew MAMZA is an Associate Professor at the Ahmadu Bello University, Nigeria. He received his PhD in 2011 from University of Jos, Nigeria. He has attended many conferences and published articles in reputed journals. His research interest lies in polymer science and technology.
Abstract:
This research work was aimed at comparing the properties of particleboards produced from sawdust with phenol formaldehyde and urea formaldehyde resins. The particleboards were produced using varied quantities of particle size 2mm. 30ml each of the resins which was prepared under same conditions, compression temperature of 1800C, pressure of 10tons, and pressing time of 15 minutes. The properties of the particleboards were tested and compared. The results showed that the particleboards produced with phenol formaldehyde had better properties compared to that of urea formaldehyde. And the property of the particleboards is a function of the percentage composition of the binder (resin) and the filler (sawdust).
Edith Yohanna Ishidi
Nigerian Institute of Leather and Science Technology, Nigeria
Title: Physio – Mechanical characteristics of natural dyes and mordant on vegetable and chrome tanned leather
Biography:
Engr. Dr. Mrs. Edith Yohanna Ishidi is a Fellow of the Nigerian Society of Engineers. She has a first and Second Degree in Polymer Engineering ( Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo state) and P.hD in Fiber and Polymer Technology, ( Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria) Presently Working for the Nigeria Ministry of Science and Technology, under Nigerian Institute of Leather and Science Technology.
Abstract:
The increase cases of allergic reaction against synthetic dyes and the changing environmental condition has stirred up the urgent need for an environmentally safe dye for a replacement. In this present work, six different plants were used for the experiments: Mango (Mangnifera indica) Zobo (Hibiscus sabdariffa), Savanna mahogany (Khaya senegalensis), Red onion (Alluim cepa) Annatto (Bixa orellea).The extraction was done using different solvents such as Choroform,Acetone,Ethanol, Methanol and Water (Distilled).The crude extract was used to dye vegetable and chrome tanned leathers with plantain\ citrus peels as sources of mordant. Four different microbes were used to ascertain the microbial activities of leathers treated with the extract. The results showed that dyes from plant cannot replace synthetic dyes due to low percentage yield of the plants. It was also established that plant extracts did not affect the tensile strength of the finished leather. The use of plantain and citrus peels as a mordant for leather dyeing was established, except for citrus on vegetable tanned leather which showed burning effect