Day 1 :
Keynote Forum
Carlo Montemagno
University of Alberta, Canada
Keynote: Small things offer big promise
Time : 09:30-09:55
Biography:
Carlo Montemagno, PhD, is the former and founding Dean of the College of Engineering and Applied Science at the University of Cincinnati. Immediately prior, he was the Chair of the Department of Bioengineering and Associate Director of the California NanoSystems Institute as well as the Roy & Carol Doumani Professor of Biomedical Engineering at UCLA. Previous to Montemagno’s tenure with UCLA, he served as Associate Professor in the Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering at Cornell University.
Montemagno earned his B.S. in Agricultural and Biological Engineering from Cornell (1980) and M.S. in Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering from Penn State University (1990). After completing his undergraduate studies in 1980, he joined the United States Navy and served for ten years in several senior management positions as a Civil Engineering Corps Officer. He then joined Argonne National Laboratory where he led laboratory and field investigations developing bioremediation technology for the treatment of hazardous waste. In 1995 Montemagno earned his PhD in Civil Engineering and Geological Sciences from Notre Dame University. Upon obtaining his PhD in Civil Engineering, he began his academic career as an Assistant Professor at Cornell University in the Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering where he was one of the pioneers in the field of Nanobiotechnology.
Montemagno has amassed a distinguished scholarly record resulting in a number of patents as well as appointments to numerous editorial boards and governmental committees. He is a Fellow of the American Academy of Nanomedicine, a Fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering, and a Fellow of the NASA Institute of Advance Concepts. He is a recipient of the Feynman Prize for Experimental Work in Nanotechnology.
Montemagno’s current research and near term investigations focus on the development of experimental techniques to integrate metabolic functionality into materials through the engineering of biomolecular systems. Recent efforts addressed the creation of advanced systems for water purification and treatment, and the development of materials for the synthesis of high-value chemicals through the harvesting of solar energy.
Abstract:
The ability to use machines to manipulate matter a single molecule at a time renders many things possible that were impossible before. Living systems do this on a regular basis. The core challenge to accessing life function is transforming the labile molecules that exist in a fragile living organism into a stable engineered system that is economically scalable. The most significant difficulties revolve around environmental stability and the inherent structural limitations of these molecules. The solution to these difficulties is at hand.
Presented is the generic solution methodology used to solve these limiting challenges to produce a new class of materials and devices. By introducing “metabolism” into engineered devices and materials, solutions to grand societal challenges in Medicine, Environment, and Agriculture now appear to be attainable. Furthermore this new technology does not rely on $100’s of millions of infrastructure making it globally assessable to developing nations. It offers a global promise of economic opportunity and prosperity.
Exemplars of the application of this new technology will be shown. We will elucidate the design, engineering and assembly of a complex closed system that uses a highly modified photosynthetic process to transform carbon waste into valuable drop-in specialty chemicals. Enabled by the synthesis of a new class of printable “inks” that have stabilized active biological molecules as integrated elements of synthesized polymer constructs, we will present a technology that transitions additive manufacturing from 3D space to a four-dimensional, functional space creating a whole new class of materials and devices. The application of this technology to medicine, in particular the treatment of type 1 diabetes, glaucoma and other medical conditions will also be illustrated.
Keynote Forum
Rajendra Singh
Clemson University, USA
Keynote: Materials and processing opportunities and challenges for tansformation of global electricity infrastructure
Time : 09:55-10:20
Biography:
Rajendra Singh is D. Houser Banks professor in the Holcombe Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Director of Center for Nanoelectronics at Clemson University. During Oil embargo of 1973, he decided to do his PhD dissertation in the area of Silicon solar Cells. With proven success in operations, project/program leadership, R&D, product/process commercialization, and start-ups, Dr. Singh is a leading semiconductor and photovoltaics (PV) expert with over 37 years of industrial and academic experience. From solar cells to low power electronics, he has led the work on semiconductor and photovoltaic device materials and processing by manufacturable innovation and defining critical path. His current research interest is to provide global leadership in phasing out alternating current based grid by PV generated local direct current based power networks. He is fellow of IEEE, SPIE, ASM and AAAS. Dr. Singh has received a number of international awards. Photovoltaics World (October 2010) selected him as one of the 10 Global “Champions of Photovoltaic Technology”. Dr. Singh is 2014 recipient of the SPIE Technology Achievement Award On April 17, 2014 he was honored by US President Barack Obama as a White House “Champion of Change for Solar Deployment” for his leadership in advancing solar energy with PV technology. Rajendra Singh is D. Houser Banks professor in the Holcombe Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Director of Center for Nanoelectronics at Clemson University. During Oil embargo of 1973, he decided to do his PhD dissertation in the area of Silicon solar Cells. With proven success in operations, project/program leadership, R&D, product/process commercialization, and start-ups, Dr. Singh is a leading semiconductor and photovoltaics (PV) expert with over 37 years of industrial and academic experience. From solar cells to low power electronics, he has led the work on semiconductor and photovoltaic device materials and processing by manufacturable innovation and defining critical path. His current research interest is to provide global leadership in phasing out alternating current based grid by PV generated local direct current based power networks. He is fellow of IEEE, SPIE, ASM and AAAS. Dr. Singh has received a number of international awards. Photovoltaics World (October 2010) selected him as one of the 10 Global “Champions of Photovoltaic Technology”. Dr. Singh is 2014 recipient of the SPIE Technology Achievement Award On April 17, 2014 he was honored by US President Barack Obama as a White House “Champion of Change for Solar Deployment” for his leadership in advancing solar energy with PV technology.
Abstract:
Free fuel based conversion of solar energy and wind energy into electrical power is the only long term solution for providing sustainable global economic growth .There is no direct competition between solar energy (available during day time) and wind energy (mostly available during night times) , however direct solid state conversion of solar energy by photovoltaics (no moving parts) has distinct advantages over electrical power generated by wind turbines With the advent of low-cost solar panels, and our ability to generate, store and use electrical energy locally without the need for long-range transmission, the world is about to witness transformational changes in electricity infrastructure. Semiconductor manufacturing has played a vital role in enabling the communication revolution that started in the last half of the 20th century and is continuing to shape the world of tomorrow. Since the energy crisis of 1973, the cost of photovoltaics (PV) modules has decreased approximately exponentially and the global photovoltaic installations have increased approximately exponentially (cumulative global PV installation of 230 GW by the end of year 2015). In addition to the advancements in the technology of PV module manufacturing, volume manufacturing has played a vital role in the cost reduction. Doubling the cumulative manufacturing size, reduces the cost of PV modules by about 24 %. Unlike integrated circuits and solar cells, batteries are not semiconductor products. However, due to supply chain related issues, connecting various cells to form batteries (similar to ICs and PV modules where number of devices are integrated to form a product), important role of surfaces and interfaces in controlling deice performance, reliability and yield, use of thermal processing steps similar to semiconductor manufacturing and PV manufacturing, the battery manufacturing is following the cost reduction path of semiconductor related products. More than 90 % of the PV market is based on bulk silicon solar cells. The highest efficiency of silicon module modules is about 21.5% efficiency, which is not too far than about 30 % energy conversion efficiency of centralized electrical power generation by nuclear, coal and natural gas. The key objective of this paper is to demonstrate the opportunities and challenges for materials and processing researchers in the area of solar cells and batteries manufacturing. The contributions of materials researchers can lead to technological advancements that will accelerate the pathways for sustained global economic growth for underdeveloped, emerging and developed economies. In addition, the continuous decrease in the cost of photovoltaics (PV) generated and stored local electricity is now making it possible to provide electrical energy to over 3.5 billion people globally who previously had little or no access to electricity.
Keynote Forum
Zofia Niemczura
Arcelormittal Global R&D, USA
Keynote: Heat resistant engineering materials for industrial application
Time : 10:20-10:45
Biography:
Zofia Niemczura is the Metallurgical Engineer granted with PhD and DSc degrees in Physical Metallurgy from Technical University, Poznan, PL, and from Academy of Mining and Metallurgy (AGH), Krakow, Pl. As the professor at TU Poznan she was focused on microstructure-property relationship, phase transformation in steels, heat resistant alloys, and failure analysis, which resulted in 36 publications, and 2 books. She worked later as the researcher and visiting professor in University of IL. at Chicago and ultimately accepted a researcher position in Arcelor Mittal LLC Global R&D, East Chicago, USA. Her main technical focus in recent years was: heat resistant alloys deterioration mechanism and prevention, tool steel, alloy selection and evaluation, failure analysis of manufacturing equipment, and defects in steel sheets. She has been granted of two USA patents, she published student textbook on Mechanical Metallurgy for UIC students plus several additional papers in the journals and conference proceedings. She is also recipient of various recognitions during her carrier in Poland and in USA.
Abstract:
A number of new generation materials such as nonferrous and ferrous-alloys, superalloys, steels, ceramics, polymers, composites, etc., designated for service in the extreme environments have been developed. Some of this materials provide the protection/insulation from heat (e.g. ceramics, polymers) and some offer an outstanding high temperature mechanical properties for the demanding aerospace, energy, and manufacturing industries where the service condition often includes mechanical load, thermal shock, vibrations, and oxidation/corrosion in temperature much above 1000℃. Most industries still rely on ferrous and nonferrous alloys as the main engineering materials for a high temperature application because of its unique combination of strength, creep resistance, resistance to oxidation/chemical attack, and a good thermal conductivity during service. Moreover, the availability and price of most heat resistant steels and alloys make them a preferred industrial material for a high temperature application.
rnA metallurgical study of a wide variety of manufacturing components made of a Fe-, Ni-, and Co-base heat resistant alloys has been performed in the past years. The structural changes due to a long exposure to service temperature >1000℃, heavy load, vibration, and thermal stress have been carefully analyzed. In general, most of heat resistant steels and alloys deteriorate (and eventually fail) during service due to unfavorable microstructure changes such as: decomposition of carbides or other “reinforcing” phases, precipitation of the detrimental phases, phases coalescence and growth, dendrites recrystallization, oxidation and chemical attack on grain boundaries and the alloy depletion in Cr. It was also found that the microstructural changes are associated with not fully recognized changes of a certain physical properties, mainly magnetic, of the alloy. Since the microstructural and magnetic changes are proportional, using the magnetizm to evaluate the current metallurgical condition of the heat resistant equipment parts is very promising.
Networking & Refreshments Break: 10:45-11:00 @ Foyer
Keynote Forum
Masaru Matsuo
Dalian University of Technology, China
Keynote: A multi-layered composite ensuring harmless to the human body and implant longevity of hip prosthesis in orthopedics
Time : 11:00-11:25
Biography:
Masaru Matsuo has completed his PhD at Kyoto University in Japan and he was a professor of Nara Women’s University. After his retirement, he became a full time professor of Dalian University of Technology in China. Since September 1st 2014, he is a visiting professor of Dalian University of Technology. He has published more than 200 papers in refereed journal articles. He is IUPAC fellow and he received Paul Flory Polymer Research Prize on April 2010.
Abstract:
Implant longevity of hip prosthesis in orthopedics is one of the current topics to support the activities of the elderly. The present work is focused on the drastic improvement for the wear resistance and reduction of the surface friction of the acetabular cup as a bearing material in femoral head. In actual orthopedics, cross-linked polyethylene (PE) has been used in orthopedics as a bearing material in artificial joints. However, wear damages of PE have been one of the factors limiting implant longevity. That is, the resultant wear of polyethylene bearing purportedly produces billions of wear particles with submicron-size that cause adverse pathological reaction in the surrounding tissues leading to osteolysis and joint loosening. To avoid the serous problem, ultra-high molecular weight PE (UHMWPE)/hydroxyapatite (HA) composite was prepared as a substrate layer by the solution-gel method. As for the second layer, porous UHMWPE/HA composite was prepared by using NaCl as the porogen and then poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was filled into the pores of UHMWPE/HA composite. The porosity of the UHMWPE/HA composite was more than 50%, and the pore distribution was uniform. A majority of pores were perfoliate and crammed with PVA gel. PVA/Laponite-HA layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly film was prepared as a surface layer, in which Laponite acted as a template to improve the dispersion of HA in water. The UHMWPE/HA substrate layer and the porous UHMWPE/HA layer filled with PVA hydrogel were pressed under 180 oC, and then they were combined with the surface layer of LBL film to form a multi-layered composites. The prepared multi-layered composite has a very low friction coefficient (0.017) under a load of 1200 N, which is similar to the friction coefficient of natural articular cartilage.
Track 1: Materials Science & Engineering
Track 10: Computational Materials Science
Track 11: Polymer Technology
Session I
Location: Chattahooche-A
Chair
Matthew E Edwards
Alabama A&M University, USA
Co-Chair
Michael F Herman
Tulane University, USA
Session Introduction
Matthew E Edwards
Alabama A&M University, USA
Title: Electrical conduction mechanism of volume and surface resistivities of multi-walled carbon nanotubes doped polyvinyl alcohol (pva) and the pyroelectric behavior of polyvinylidene difluoride (pvdf) thin films
Time : 11:25-11:45
Biography:
Since January 2002, Dr. Matthew E. Edwards has held the position of Professor of Physics in the Department of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics at Alabama A&M University, Normal, AL and served as Dean, of the School of Arts and Sciences, from 2007 to 2011, a period of 4.5 years. Previous academic positions held by Dr. Edwards prior to 2002 include associate professorships at Spelman College, in Atlanta, GA and Fayetteville State University, in Fayetteville, NC, and he was a visiting associate professor and adjunct faculty member for ten years at the University of Pittsburgh, in Pittsburgh, PA. Dr. Edwards is a Condensed Matter Physicist with research expertise in (1) materials of electrooptics, (2) pyroelectric/resistivity/dielectric properties of crystals and nano-particles doped organic thin films, (3) the production of large organic thin films, and (4) solitons wave theory. Dr. Edwards has more than 45 publications. Also, he has guided five students to advanced degrees: three to the Ph.D., and two to the master’s degree, and has served on more than 12 other dissertations and theses committees. He was the guest editor of the American Journal of Materials Science for the 2015 year. Presently, he is guiding two master’s degree students. Also, he sits on the Board of Directors of two journals.
Abstract:
Previously, we have reported measurements of the temperature-dependent surface resistivity of pure and multi-walled carbon nanotubes doped Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) thin films. In the temperature range from 22 ℃ to 40 ℃, with a humidity-controlled environment, we have found the surface resistivity to decrease initially but to rise steadily as the temperature continued to increase. Correspondingly, we have measured the temperature-dependent pyroelectric coefficient of doped PVDF thin films. While the physical mechanism of the pyroelectric phenomenon in PVDF thin films is quite well known, the surface resistivity behavior of PVA thin films is not. Here, we report recent volume resistivity measurements and address the electrical conduction phenomenon that contributes to both surface and volume resistivities of pure and doped PVA thin films. Moreover, we give preliminary detectivity and other relevant quality factors for IR and motion sensors. Regarding the pyroelectric effect of doped PVDF thin films, we give Materials Figures-of-Merit from our measurements. In addition, pyroelectric, surface and volume resistivity infrared detection fundamentals are presented.
Michael F Herman
Tulane University, USA
Title: An approximate semiclassical method that uses real valued trajectories for time dependent tunneling calculations
Time : 11:45-12:05
Biography:
Michael Herman received his PhD in Chemistry from the University of Chicago in 1980. He then did postdoctoral research at Columbia University in New York before joining the chemistry faculty at Tulane University in New Orleans in the fall of 1981. He is best known for the development of semiclassical methods for the calculations of the properties and dynamics of chemical systems.
Abstract:
A semiclassical method will be presented that describes the time dependent tunneling of a quantum wavepacket encountering a barrier. Tunneling through barriers plays a significant role in many reactions. The method described in this talk uses an approximation to the standard semiclassical stationary phase method. The approximation employed in this work leads to real valued tunneling trajectories, while most methods for this problem employ complex valued trajectories. Using only real valued trajectories will have significant advantages in applications to larger systems. It is found that there are typically three of these approximate stationary phase contributions to the wave function for each point r in the transmitted region. Two of these have energies very close to the barrier top, one slightly above the barrier top and the other slightly below it. The third approximate stationary phase contribution is at a lower energy. Difficulties in obtaining accurate values for the contributions from trajectories with an energy very close to the barrier top will be considered, and the accuracy of the approximate stationary phase wave function will be discussed.
Nobuhiro Ohta
National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan
Title: Tuning electrical conductivity with photoirradiation and electric field in organic crystals and ionic solids
Time : 12:05-12:25
Biography:
N. Ohta has completed his PhD from Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, and postdoctoral studies from Marquette University in Milwaukee.Until March 2015, he was Professor at Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. He is now Chair Professor at National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan and Professor Emeritus at Hokkaido University. He has published more than 200 papers in reputed journals.He has focused to the Photoelectric and Photobioelectric Research, where novel materials functions and novel biological function are quested by photoirradiation and application of electric field.
Abstract:
Control of electrical conductivity by using external stimuli such as photoirradiation and electric field is one of the major subjects in materials science because of prospects for the discovery of potential optoelectronic materials.
Electrical conductivity has been measured with and without photoirradiation and electric fields with special attention to organic molecular conductors. With a visible nanosecond pulsed laser light in the presence of electric field, for example, a switching of the electrical conductivity is observed. Moreover, the conductivity switching shows an unprecedented memory effect, of which the appearance is governed by temporal width and height of pulsed electric fields. In some single crystals, the Mott insulating phase is converted to the metallic phase by application of electric fields without photoirradiation. The threshold voltage for the transition is reduced by photoirradiation, that is, the synergy effect of the photoirradiation and electric field is observed. A gigantic photoinduced change in ionic conductivity has been also observed in AgI crystals.
With photoirradiation, potential functionality in the molecular conductors and the ionic conductor can be revealed. The results are obtained as a part of our strategy toward the realization of photoinduced superconductivity or photoinducedsuperionic conductivity, which is one of the most challenging problems in materials science.
Kimihisa Yamamoto
Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
Title: Fine-controlled subano-metal particles in a dendrimer reactor
Time : 12:25-12:45
Biography:
Kimihisa Yamamoto received PhD degrees from Waseda University in Polymer Chemistry in 1990. He joined the Department of Chemistry at Keio University from 1997 as professor. Currently, he is a professor in the Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology since 2010. His present research interests are in developing supra-metallomolecules for nanosynthesizers involving nanoparticles, subnanoparticles and superatoms.
Abstract:
We show that tinchlorides, SnCl2 and FeCl3 complexes to the imines groups of a spherical polyphenyl- azomethine dendrimer in a stepwise fashion according to an electron gradient, with complexation in a more peripheral generation proceeding only after complexation in generations closer to the core has been completed. The metal-assembly in a discrete molecule can be converted to a size-regulated metal cluster with a size smaller than 1 nm as a molecular reactor. Due to the well-defined number of metal clusters in the subnanometer size region, its property is much different from that of bulk or general metal nanoparticles.
Dendrimers are highly branched organic macromolecules with successive layers or “generations” of branch units surrounding a central core. Organic inorganic hybrid versions have also been produced, by trapping metal ions or metal clusters within the voids of the dendrimers. Their unusual, tree-like topology endows these nanometre-sized macromolecules with a gradient in branch density from the interior to the exterior, which can be exploited to direct the transfer of charge and energy from the dendrimer periphery to its core.
Here we show that tin ions, Sn2+, complex to the imines groups of a spherical polyphenylazo- methine dendrimer in a stepwise fashion according to an electron gradient, with complexation in a more peripheral generation proceeding only after complexation in generations closer to the core has been completed. By attaching an electron-withdrawing group to the dendrimer core, we are able to change the complexation pattern, so that the core imines are complexed last. By further extending this strategy, it should be possible to control the number and location of metal ions incorporated into dendrimer structures, which might and uses as tailored catalysts, building blocks, or fine-controlled clusters for advanced materials.
Caroline Lambert-Mauriat
Aix Marseille Université, France
Title: Study of the adsorption of simple molecules on metal oxides by ab initio calculations. Application to the detection of gas
Time : 12:45-13:05
Biography:
Caroline Lambert-Mauriat is researcher at Aix-Marseille University, France. She is also lecturer in industrial computing at the Institute of Technology of Aix-Marseille University. She was awarded her PhD degree from the University of Aix-Marseille in materials sciences in 1999. Since 2000 her main research interest is the study of oxide surfaces and their interactions with simple molecules by ab initio calculations.
Abstract:
The team "micro sensors" at the IM2NP mainly focuses on the development of gas sensors, whose principle is based on measurement in conductance variation in presence of gas. The material used as sensitive element is a semi-conductor metal oxide (WO3, Cu2O or CuO) and target gas is a simple molecule such as ozone, NOx or COx. The objective of our ab initio calculations is to better understand the interactions between gas and oxide surface at atomic scale, in order to propose possible improvements to the selectivity of these sensors. All systems have been simulated using the SIESTA code based on DFT. We present here some of results obtained on WO3 surface and Cu2O surface for ozone adsorption/dissociation. In the case of WO3, results for NOx and COx molecules are exposed too.
Dongsheng Li
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, USA
Title: In situ investigations of particle-mediated crystal growth
Time : 13:05-13:25
Biography:
Dr. Dongsheng Li completed her PhD in 2005 from Penn State University, majoring in materials science and engineering. Her PhD research focused on nanomaterials synthesis and characterization. She spent three years at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory as a project scientist, developing methods with in situ TEM and AFM to investigate particle nucleation and growth, and particle mediated crystal growth. She is currently a staff scientist at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. She has published over 30 papers in respected journals and has been serving as a reviewer for journals such as Journal of Physics; Nanotechnology; and the Journal of the American Ceramic Society, etc.
Abstract:
Assembly of molecular clusters and nanoparticles in solution is now recognized as an important mechanism of crystal growth in many materials, yet the assembly process and attachment mechanisms are poorly understood. To achieve this understanding we are investigating nucleation and assembly of iron and titanium oxides using in situ and ex-situ TEM, and the forces that drive oriented attachment between nanocrystals and the factors that control them via AFM-based dynamic force spectroscopy (DFS). Our hypothesis is that attachment is due to reduction of surface energy and the driving forces that bring the particles together are a mix dipole-dipole interactions, van der Waals forces, and Coulombic interactions. Therefore they can be controlled via pH, ionic strength (IS), and ionic speciation. In-situ TEM shows that, in the iron oxide system, primary particles interact with one another through translational and rotational diffusion until a near-perfect lattice match is obtained either with true crystallographic alignment or across a twin plane. Oriented attachment then occurs through a sudden jump-to-contact. Analysis of the acceleration during attachment indicates it is driven by electrostatic attraction. Ex-situ TEM analysis shows that the TiO2 nanowire branching occurs through attachment of anatase nanoparticles to rutile wires on a specific crystallographic plane for which the anatase-to-rutile transformation leads to creation of a twin plane. Initial DFS measurements of the forces between (001) crystal basal planes of mica, and (001) planes of TiO2 show that the forces have strong relationship to pH, IS, and crystal orientation.
Lunch Break 13:25-14:05 @ Foyer
Wen-Dan Cheng
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Title: Terahertz laser sources based on defference frequency generation of infrared nonlinear optical materials SnGa4Q7 (Q = S, Se)
Time : 14:05-14:25
Biography:
Prof. Wen-Dan Cheng has a tenured position at Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He received his M.S. degree from Xiamen University in 1981. He worked as a visiting professor from 08/1998 to 02/1999 at the Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, as a visiting scholar from 08/1992 to 12/1993 at the Department of Chemistry, Arizona State University and from 08/1987 to 07/1988 at the Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary. He has published about 200 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as a referee for leading research journals and as an organizer of International Workshop of Computational Materials Science at Fuzhou PRC in 2009.
Abstract:
Terahertz (THz) wave is the explosion of applications requirements, especially in the fields of security and biomedicine. However, there are still delays in a widespread use of THz technology due to the scarcity of reliable, simple use sources produced on a large scale. New mid/far infrared nonlinear optical crystals SnGa4Q7 (Q = S, Se) can be used to design laser sources of THz wave by difference frequency generation (DFG) process. In order to simulate the output THz light, we have calculated the conversion efficiencies of THz source, which are relative with the cutoff edge of transparent infrared spectrum, absorption coefficient of THz light, and figure of merit, based on the DFG process of infrared nonlinear optical materials SnGa4Q7 (Q = S, Se). The calculated phonon dispersions and phonon band densities are employed to determine the transparent cutoff edge of infrared spectrum. The calculated infrared intensities are used to derive the absorption coefficients of THz wave. The calculated nonlinear optical parameters and linear refractive indices are used to determine the figure of merit. The obtained results show that the THz conversion efficient of SnGa4Se7 is much larger than that of SnGa4S7 under the same experimental conditions, and the THz absorption significantly reduce the conversion efficiency of THz source for the materials of SnGa4Q7 (Q = S, Se). We should choose more wide transparent material in mid/far infrared zone or avoid the THz absorption band of material, and choose a large figure of merit material in designing THz source based on DFG process.
Lin-Xiu Du
Northeastern University, China
Title: Microstructure and mechanical properties of a low C medium Mn heavy plate steel
Time : 14:25-14:45
Biography:
Lin-Xiu Du has completed his PhD at the age of 40 years from The State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation, Northeastern University. He is the director of the Metal material microstructure and performance control team. He has published more than 15 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of repute.
Abstract:
Advanced heavy steel plates with combination of high strength and superior low-temperature toughness are preferred as constructural materials for ship hull, bridges, buildings, pressure vessels, and offshore structures. The medium Mn steels containing 5-8wt.% Mn are thought to have great potential. The microstructure and mechanical properties of a 0.07C-5.5wt.% Mn steel subjected to quenching and intercritically tempering was studied. The slab of 230 mm thickness was hot rolled to 50 mm plate with the start rolling and finish rolling temperature of 1050℃ and 930℃, respectively. The plate was directly water quenched to a temperature between Ms and Mf of 380℃, and then cooling slowly to room temperature in a delayed cooling pit. The quenched plate was tempered at 630℃ for 80min and 650℃ for 40min respectively. The microstructure of quenched steel consisted of martensite and retained austenite. The yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation was 805MPa, 1114MPa, and 16.7%, respectively. The impact energy at 20℃ and -20℃ was 207J and 150J. The reverse transformed austenite fromed during intercritically tempering. The yield strength and tensile strength of 650℃ tempered speciems were decreased to 650MPa and 829MPa. The elongation was increased to 26.2%. The impact energy at 20℃ and -20℃ was 223J and 157J. When the tempering temperature was 630℃, the yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation was 648MPa, 824MPa, and 24.6%, respectively. The impact energy at 20℃ and -20℃ was greatly enhanced to 239J and 207J. The change of mechanical properties was attribuated to the volume fraction and stability of austenite.
Guang-ming XIE
Northeastern University, China
Title: Microstructure and mechanical property of vacuum rolled Ni-based alloy/pipeline steel clad plate
Time : 14:45-15:05
Biography:
Guang-ming Xie, Associate professor, doctor of materials processing, Address: State Key Lab of Rolling and Automation (RAL), Northeastern University, Heping Dist. Shenyang, Liaoning Province.
Abstract:
In order to ensure the requirement for H2S corrosion resistance pipeline in the oil and gas transportation fields, the Ni-based alloy and pipeline steel were combined successfully by vacuum rolling cladding (VRC) technique. The VRC is a new type cladding technique based on electron beam welding and hot rolling cladding. Under the all of high vacuum level, elevated temperature and severe deformation, the excellent metallurgical bonding was performed on the clad interface. In this study, four-layer symmetry rolling of steel-Ni alloy-Ni alloy-steel was used and microstructures and shear tension properties of the clad interfaces were investigated. The results indicated that the clad interface was continuous and straight without any porosity and crack, and a thin continuous interface layer with a small amount of Al2O3 particles were distributed on the interface. Besides, obvious inter-diffusions of Fe, Cr and Ni elements were detected about the interface. The average tension shear strength of the clad interface reached 330 MPa, and the fracture located in the clad interface.
Maxim Durach
Georgia Southern University, USA
Title: From photons to plasmons to electrons and atoms: conservation helps engineer interactions on the nanoscale
Biography:
Dr. Maxim Durach is an Assistant Professor of Physics at Georgia Southern University, one of the leading research universities in Georgia. He has received his BS and MS degrees from St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University and completed his PhD and postdoctoral studies at Georgia State University in Atlanta, GA. He is working in the field of theoretical and computational physics for applications in nanotechnology. His research interests are in the areas of photonics, plasmonics, optical metamaterials, optoelectronics and optomechanics.
Abstract:
Recently there has been a surge of interest to transformation of properties of light by nanostructures, mechanical effects of optical forces on nanoscale and plasmon-induced electric effects in nanostructured metal. Consideration of these effects from the perspective of physical conservation laws brings integration into these fields, sheds new light on fundamental aspects of light-matter interaction, and provides the groundwork for future nanoscale engineering. Metal nanostructures have the ability to transform the linear, spin angular, and orbital angular momenta of light. In doing this metal absorbs the momentum, first distributing it over the conduction electrons, creating non-equilibrium distribution of hot-electrons and rectified electrical currents, a phenomenon known as Plasmonic Drag Effect (PLDE). Then from the electrons into the crystal lattice, coming into thermal equilibrium and inducing mechanical motion of the nanostructure. The multi-disciplinary consideration of these effects from point of view of photonics, quantum plasmonics and hot-electron kinetics translates into several proposed applications including such novel optical components as ultimately thin nanoscopic waveplates. This also will lead to optoelectronic components, e.g. new-generation of plasmon drag biosensors and detectors, electro-plasmonic transformers for nanoscopic ultrafast circuits, and optomechanical elements such as optical torque wrench.
Kausar Javed Khan
Lahore College for Women University, Pakistan
Title: Comprehensive study of chemical synthesis and dielectric parameters of holmium substituted Yttrium iron garnets (HoxY3-xFe5O12, x=0.1,0.3,0.6,0.9,1.2,1.5) prepared by conventional ceramic method
Biography:
Dr. Kausar Javed Khan has completed her PhD from Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road, Lahore, Pakistan. During PhD studies, she has prepared magnetic garnet series. She has done her MPhil in Solid State Physics from Centre of Excellence at Punjab University, Lahore, Pakistan. She currently holds the position of Assistant Professor at Gulberg College for Women, Lahore. She is also a visiting Professor at FCC Chartered University, Lahore, Pakistan. She has also done Masters in English Literature from University of Punjab, along with a Masters in Educational Planning and Management.
Abstract:
YIG (Yttrium Iron Garnet) is magnetic ferrite having chemical formula Y3Fe5O12 and high resistivity. Substituted YIGs have formula RexY3-x Fe5O12, where R represents rare earth elements. Polycrystalline cylindrical (13 mm x 3.3 mm) six samples of Holmium substituted YIG (HoxY3-xFe5O12) were prepared by Conventional Ceramic Technique. Powder samples were annealed at 1000â—¦C (1hour) and these were called green powders. The crystalline structure and dielectric properties of samples were studied by D8 Discover X-Ray Diffractometer and Wayne Kerr Impedance Analyzer. Microstructural properties like crystallite size, dislocation density, micro-strain were calculated using XRD data. Dielectric parameters were studied with reference to changing Holmium composition and changing frequency comprehensively. Both dielectric constant (Æ’) and Dielectric Loss (Æ’’ ) decreased sharply with the increase of frequency at Room Temperature (300k).The decreasing trend in Dielectric Parameters was observed with the increase in Holmium contents . This series of Substituted YIG having small dielectric constant, low dielectric Loss and negligible Tangent Loss can play the most vital role in many electronic devices in microwave region. Small dielectric parameters exhibited by these prepared magnetic garnets make them highly useful in telecommunication and defense industry.
Dawit G Ayana
University of Trento, Italy
Title: Sol-gel synthesis of ZnO thin films for memristive application
Biography:
Dawit G. Ayana is a PhD candidate at the school of Materials, Mechatronics and Systems Engineering; at the University of Trento (Italy). He received his M.Sc degree in Materials Engineering from same University in 2013. His research interest includes semiconductor materials and inorganic oxide thin films, and he currently working on ZnO thin films memristive device application.
Abstract:
ZnO has gained substantial interest in different research fields due to its appealing properties and wide range of applications. ZnO thin films have been prepared by a variety of techniques. Sol-gel route is widely used and is recognized as a good fabrication technique for synthesis of ZnO thin films. Moreover, it is a good processing to fabricate multi-layer thin films with dense, homogeneous, controlled thickness and stoichiometry. Interestingly, the features of sol-gel derived ZnO thin films can be exploited in order to fulfil the requirements of materials for memristive application. In this work, sol-gel derived multi-layer zinc oxide films were prepared by spin coating technique on different substrates from an alcoholic solution of zinc acetate dihydrate (ZAD) and monoethanolamine (MEA) at different synthetic conditions. The curing and annealing conditions for the ZnO films were adjusted based on the study performed on the ZnO xerogel powders. Structural and morphological features as well as the thermal behaviour of the samples were investigated by complementary techniques including electron microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses, and X-ray diffraction analysis. According to the electrical measurements performed on ZnO thin films sandwiched between Pt/Ti/SiO2 substrate and Ag dishes as a top electrode, the selected fabrication conditions were suitable for fulfilling the requirements of active resistive layers for the development of memristive devices and preliminary memristive responses were acquired. Further study is also on progress toward the the improvement of the memristive switching performance by introduction of dopant.
Wuwen Yi
Halliburton, USA
Title: A systematic approach for shaped charge liner fabrication and development
Biography:
Wuwen Yi completed his PhD in Engineering Science and Mechanics from Pennsylvania State University, University Park in 2001. He is a Principal Materials Scientist at Halliburton, a major energy service company in the oil and gas industry. He has published several papers in reputable journals and presented at international conferences. He also holds three granted US patents and has more than 10 pending patent applications.
Abstract:
Shaped charges have been used for oil and gas perforating for many years. Researchers have put tremendous effort into improving shaped charge performance including penetration depth and hole size. One of the critical components of the shaped charge is the liner. The liner fabrication process has great impact on the liner’s dimensional symmetry, density, and mass distribution, which all affect shaped charge performance. The authors have developed a systematic approach for deep penetration (DP) shaped charge liner development. This presentation discusses the materials used in DP shaped charge liners, and the spin forming technique used to fabricate them. Furthermore, methods for characterizing the design of the liner, measurement of the fabricated liners, and their performance in a shaped charge are presented. Computer modeling provides the predictions of shaped charge performance and directions for liner design improvement. The liner dimensions are first measured using a coordinate measurement machine (CMM). Then, the liner density is measured from liner apex to skirt, and the density profile is generated. A liner mass profile is created based on the liner density profile and the liner geometry. Flash X-ray is used to capture the tip speed and the straightness of the high-speed jet created by detonating the shaped charge. Time-arrival study using the flash X-ray gives the tunnel speed of the jet. Finally, shaped charge performance is validated by test shots using quality control (QC) targets and API targets according to API RP 19B Section 1.
Jan Vrestal
Masaryk University, Czech Republic
Title: Phase diagram calculation in materials development
Biography:
Jan Vrestal has completed his PhD in 1984 from Institute of Physics of Materials, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic and since 1992 is working at Masaryk University. He was the director of Department of Physical Chemistry in 1993-2004 there and since 2009 is working in CEITEC MU as leading researcher. He has published more than 120 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of Journal of Mining and Metallurgy B and Metallic Materials. He was member of Organizing Committee of CALPHAD XXXLIII 2009 and TOFA (Thermodynamics of Alloys) 2014 international conferences.
Abstract:
Phase diagram calculation is powerful tool for characterizing materials (materials genome) in the process of materials development, because properties of materials, especially technological parts, are strongly influenced by created phase microstructure. Produced microstructure during long-time annealing of technological parts during industrial service, where materials are in or near equilibrium state, determine beneficial properties of materials. Present state of CALPHAD (Calculation of Phase Diagrams) method is characterized by using of sophisticated softwares for calculation of phase diagrams (e.g. Thermocalc, Pandat, FactSage etc.) and number of databases which has been created for different types of materials (e.g. solders, steels, aluminium alloys, oxides etc.). Required information for development/validation of databases are gained experimentally (thermodynamic quantities measurement) and theoretically (ab initio calculations). Rules for creating valid databases can be straightforward formulated.
From the point of view of material properties, intermetallic phases are very important (Sigma-phase, Z-phase, Chi phase, Laves phases, Heusler phases etc.). Models used for expression of thermodynamic functions of these phases make it possible to calculate phase diagrams in technologically important cases which is possible to confirm experimentally. The calculations of this type can help to explore the implications of Materials Science and Engineering.
Track 1: Materials Science & Engineering
Track 10: Computational Materials Science
Track 11: Polymer Technology
Session II
Location: Chattahooche-A
Chair
Jun Ding
National University of Singapore, Singapore
Co-Chair
Hideo Miura
Tohoku University, Japan
Session Introduction
Jun Ding
National University of Singapore, Singapore
Title: Spinel ferrite films with enhanced magnetization and large magneto-resistance
Time : 15:10-15:30
Biography:
Jun DING obtained his Diploma Physics from University of Wuppertal in 1986, and PhD degree from Ruhr University Bochum, Germany in 1990. He has been working on magnetic and nanostructured materials for more than 25 years. He is currently working as Professor at Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore. He has published over 350 journal papers with a total citation ï¾12000 and H-Index = 60 (Google Scholar). More recently, his research work has been extended into additive manufacture of functional devices.
Abstract:
Spinel ferrite (MFe2O4 with M = Fe, Co, Ni and Mn) is an important family on magnetic materials for various engineering applications. However, their saturation magnetization is much lower compared to metallic compounds. Recently, enhanced magnetization has been reported in ultrathin spinel ferrite films. Our study on spinel ferrite on various substrates has indicated that the magnetization enhancement may be attributed to a large area of grain boundaries because of very small grain size in order of 4-5 nm. More recently, we have successfully fabricated spinel ferrite films on MgO substrate using chemical route – thermal decomposition. Epitaxial thick films can be deposited on MgO substrates of different crystallographic orientations. More interesting, these thick films exhibit enhanced magnetization over 1 Tesla. Our structural investigation has indicated that the enhanced magnetization may be attributed to doping of carbon because carbon substitution may lead in spin flip. The results have been supported by first principles calculation.
Hideo Miura
Tohoku University, Japan
Title: Degradation of crystallinity and properties of advanced functional materials caused by anisotropic local diffusion of component atoms under severe operating conditions
Time : 15:30-15:50
Biography:
Prof. Hideo Miura has received his PhD from Tohoku University, Japan. He had worked for Hitachi Ltd., Japan for 20 years as a Chief Researcher of mechanical reliability of various products and moved to Tohoku University in 2003. He is the director of Fracture and Reliability Research Institute. His main research topic now is prediction and prevention of fracture of advanced functional materials and devices. He has published more than 200 technical papers in the field of mechanical reliability of various materials and thin-film devices, and has been serving as an organizer of international conferences.
Abstract:
Recently, mechanical properties of polycrystalline materials have been found to vary drastically depending on their micro texture. The crystallinity of grain boundaries was found to dominate both their mechanical and electrical properties and the long-term reliability. This is because various defects such as strain, vacancies, impurities, and dislocations easily concentrate around grain boundaries and thus, degrade the quality of atomic configuration in grains and grain boundaries. In this study, a grain boundary is defined by volumetric transition area between two grains, though it has been defined as a line interface between nearby grains. The quality of grain boundaries is independent of crystallographic orientation of nearby grains. The diffusion of component elements is remarkably dominated by the local quality of grain boundaries. The degradation of materials mainly starts to occur around grain boundaries with low crystallinity and atomic diffusion, such as strain-induced anisotropic diffusion and electromigration, is accelerated drastically along the poor-quality grain boundaries. Crystallinity of grain boundaries can be evaluated quantitatively by applying electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD) method. The order of atomic alignment in the observed area is analyzed by the sharpness of Kikuchi lines obtained from the observed area. Various materials properties vary drastically depending on the order of atomic alignment, in particular, in grain boundaries. Both fluctuation and degradation of various properties of materials such as heat-resistant alloys and thin films are investigated from the viewpoint of the crystallinity of grains and grain boundaries.
Yonghao Zhao
Nanjing University of Science and Technology, China
Title: A high-entropy alloy with ultrahigh ductility breaks strength-ductility paradox
Time : 15:50-16:10
Biography:
Dr. Yonghao Zhao has completed his PhD at the age of 30 years from Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He did research at Max Planck Institute for Metal Research, Germany, Los Alamos National Lab. and University of California at Davis from 30 to 40 years old. Then he is the deputy director of Nanostructural Materials Reseach Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology. He has published more than 100 papers in reputed journals and his papers have been cited over 5000 times.
Abstract:
For thousands of years, human being has been searching and preparing both strong and ductile materials. However, strength and ductility of a material are generally mutually exclusive. This is the well-known strength-ductility paradox, which exists for centuries. The underlying mechanism for the strength-ductility paradox of metals and alloys is dislocation-slip dominated plastic deformation, which could be traced back to 1930’s. Here by means of alloying designation, we developed a new face-centered cubic (FCC) high entropy alloy (HEA) NiCoFeVMo with unique {111}<110> slip features including short slip distance, low mobile dislocation exhaustion rate, dynamic nucleation, homogeneous distribution of high-density dislocations and nano-scale planar slip lamella. These unique deformation mechanisms break the strength-ductility paradox by a super combination of an ultra-high tensile ductility of 90% (36% for coarse-grained Ni) and an ultimate tensile strength of 980 MPa (346 MPa for Ni). First principles calculation revealed that the unstable stacking fault energy, i.e. {111}<110> slip potential barrier of the HEA varies continuously from 830 to 1200 mJ/m2, different from the unique value of 977 mJ/m2 for Ni. The variable slip potential barriers results in the above unique HEA slip features. Our work explores a new concept for designing both strong and ductile alloys by actuating new slip features.
Zong-an LUO
Northeastern University, China
Title: Research on the optimization mechanism of loading path for hydroforming process
Time : 16:10-16:30
Biography:
Zong-an LUO has completed his PhD at the year of 2006, works as a teacher of the Northeastern University, now is a professor of Northeastern University, and has published more than 40 papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
In this paper, the hydroforming process of X tube has been simulated and analyzed by the dynamic explicit finite element analysis software DYNAFORM, the variation law of thickness distribution, size change, stress and strain of X tube under different loading paths has been researched. The control algorithm of adaptive simulation and BP neural network based on the genetic algorithm has been developed, and the main factors which has influence on the forming property are optimized by this intelligent control strategy, including the matching relationship among axial feed, internal pressure and back displacement. The internal mechanism of the loading path which has influence on the hydroforming properties of X tube has been found out, for providing the theoretical basis and the optimization evaluation criterion of the optimization for loading path.
Networking & Refreshments Break: 16:30-16:45 @ Foyer
Feng Ying-ying
Northeastern University, China
Title: Process research on the stainless steel / low alloy steel clad plate prepared by vacuum hot rolling
Time : 16:45-17:05
Biography:
Feng Ying-ying has completed her PhD at the age of 28 years from Northeastern University. She works as a teacher in the Northeastern University now, and has published more than 15 papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
In this paper, stainless steel/X65 pipeline steel clad plate was prepared by vacuum hot rolling technology, the influence of the interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of stainless steel clad plate, and the corrosion resistance of 316L complex layer with different process of controlled rolling and cooling was studied, the process design basis for the production of clad plates with excellent properties for the production of clad pipes has been provided. Especially the combined interface, was evaluated using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The resulting mechanical properties were also assessed by means of hardness and shear test. The results showed that,
(1) With the increase of the reduction rate, the interface can be fully and effectively combined, the oxide at the interface was refined, and the bonding strength of the composite interface was improved. When the reduction rate was 80%, the interface bonding strength of stainless steel/X65 pipeline steel has reached 426MPa; the microstructure of X65 grains can be refined and be changed into fine acicular ferrite and granular bainite and a small amount of polygonal ferrite via the controlling cooling after rolling process, and the mechanical properties can be further enhanced.
(2) With the increase of the reduction ratio, the intergranular corrosion of 316L stainless steel became more detrimental. The controlling cooling after rolling process resulted in the improvement of the intergranular corrosion, because of the shorter sensitizing temperature duration for the 316L stainless steel.
Yasuhiro Kimura
Tohoku University, Japan
Title: On sample structure for fabricating micro-material by electromigration
Time : 17:05-17:20
Biography:
Yasuhiro Kimura received his Bachelor of Engineering degree in 2012 and his Master of Engineering degree in Mechanical Engineering in 2014, from Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan. He is a graduate student in Saka-Laboratory of Tohoku University.
Abstract:
Electromigration (EM) is a physical phenomenon of atomic diffusion with high density electron flow. EM is known as a negative phenomenon for electronic devices because the formation of hillocks and voids induced by EM deteriorates a metal line, and many researchers have reported various ways for preventing EM. On the other hand, our research group has developed the fabrication technique for micro-materials such as micro-wires by utilizing EM. The EM technique for fabricating 1D metallic micro-materials has unique characteristics including single crystalline, pure material and high-aspect ratio. The stress gradient due to EM, which can be controlled by structure design of passivation and artificial hole, contributes to intentional fabrication of micro-materials. The passivation has a role in controlling the stress generation because it restrains the deformation of metal line caused by EM and then high compressive stress for discharging atoms is generated at certain area in a metal line under a passivation. The artificial hole through which metallic micro-material can be formed is also key component in the EM technique. In the EM technique, it is important to design a sample structure with passivation and artificial hole for advancing the fabrication performance. In this work, we report the effect of structures which are passivation and artificial hole on the fabrication of micro-mateiral in the EM technique.
Guo Shanshan
National University of Singapore, Singapore
Title: Tailoring surface charge to antifouling applications
Time : 17:20-17:35
Biography:
Guo Shanshan is currently a phd student from the National University of Singapore.
Abstract:
Electrostatic interactions play an important role in adhesion phenomena particularly for biomacromolecules and microorganisms. Zero charge valences of zwitterions have been claimed as the key to their antifouling properties. However, due to the differences in the relative strength of their acid and base components, zwitterionic materials may not be charge neutral in aqueous environments. Thus, their charge on surfaces should be further adjusted for a specific pH environment, e.g. physiological pH typical in biomedical applications.Surface zeta potential for thin polymeric films composed of polysulfobetaine methacrylate (pSBMA) brushes is controlled through copolymerizing zwitterionic SBMA and cationic methacryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (METAC) via surface-initiated atom transfer polymerization. Surface properties including zeta potential, roughness, free energy and thickness are measured and the antifouling performance of these surfaces is assessed.The zeta potential of pSBMA brushes is −40 mV across a broad pH range. By adding 2% METAC, the zeta potential of pSBMA can be tuned to zero at physiological pH while minimally affecting other physicochemical properties including dry brush thickness, surface free energy and surface roughness. Surfaces with zero and negative zeta potential best resist fouling by bovine serum albumin, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Surfaces with zero zeta potential also reduce fouling by lysozyme more effectively than surfaces with negative and positive zeta potential.
Panel Discussions 17:35-18:00