14^th International Conference and Exhibition on Materials Science and Engineering November 13-15, 2017 Las Vegas, Nevada, USA

Nanotechnology is the engineering of functional frameworks at the subatomic scale. This covers both current work and concepts that are more advanced. In its unique sense, nanotechnology alludes to the anticipated capacity to build things from the bottom up, using techniques and tools being developed today to make complete, high performance products. Two principle methodologies are utilized in nanotechnology. In the "base up" methodology, materials and devices are made from sub-atomic segments which assemble themselves chemically by principles of molecular recognition. In the "top-down" methodology, nano-objects are built from bigger elements without atomic-level control. Development of applications incorporating semiconductor nanoparticles to be used in the next generation of products, such as display technology, lighting, solar cells and biological imaging; see quantum dots. Recent application of nanomaterials includes a range of biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, and biosensors. 

Energy applications research regularly concentrates on upgrading gravimetric storage density and ion transport of the materials. However, the prerequisites for energy units applications can be essentially distinctive and amiable to a more extensive class of potential materials. Various geophysical and social pressures are compelling a movement from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources. To impact this change, we should make the materials that will bolster emergent energy technologies. Energy derived from sub is the most extreme need to create photovoltaic cells that are productive and financially savvy. Department of Materials Science and Engineering in Stanford University, leading broad exploration on metal hydride materials and carbon nanotube-based materials for hydrogen stockpiling to meet Energy necessities worldwide.

Material science plays an important role in metallurgy too. Powder metallurgy is a term covering a wide range of ways in which materials or components are made from metal powders. They can avoid, or greatly reduce, the need to use metal removal processes and can reduce the costs. Pyro metallurgy includes thermal treatment of minerals and metallurgical ores and concentrates to bring about physical and chemical transformations in the materials to enable recovery of valuable metals. A complete knowledge of metallurgy can help us to extract the metal in a more feasible way and can used to a wider range. The extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth is called as Mining and Metallurgy is the field of Materials Science that deals with physical and chemical nature of the metallic & intermetallic compounds and alloys. Different techniques and technologies used in the extraction and production of various metals are extraction of metals from ores, purification; Metal casting Technology, plating, spraying, etc. in the series of processes, the metal is subjected to thermogenic and cryogenic conditions to analyse the corrosion, strength & toughness and to make sure that the metal is creep resistant.

The investigation of physical and chemical process that happens by mixing of two phases, including solid–liquid/ solid–gas/ solid–vacuum/ liquid–gas interfaces is named as Surface Science and the practical application of surface science in related fields like chemistry and physics is known as Surface Engineering. Surface Chemistry manages with the alteration of chemical composition of a surface by introducing functional groups and certain other elements whereas Surface physics deals with the physical changes that occur at interfaces. Techniques involved in Surface engineering are spectroscopy of methods X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, low-energy electron diffraction, electron energy loss spectroscopy, thermal desorption spectroscopy, ion scattering spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, dual polarization interferometry, etc. 

Biomaterials can be prepared either from nature or synthesized in the laboratory using a variety of chemical methods utilizing metallic components, polymers, ceramics or composite materials. They are often used and/or adjusted for a medical application, and thus comprise whole or part of a living structure or biomedical device which performs, augments, or replaces a natural function. Such functions may be benign, like being used for a heart valve, or may be bioactive with a more interactive functionality such as hydroxy-apatite coated hip implants. Biomaterials are also used in dental applications, surgery, and drug delivery. For example, a construct with impregnated pharmaceutical products can be placed into the body, which permits the prolonged release of a drug over an extended period of time. A biomaterial may also be an autograft, allograft or xenograft used as a transplant material.

Polymers will be the material of the new millennium and the production of polymeric parts i.e. green, sustainable, energy-efficient, high quality, low-priced, etc. will assure the accessibility of the finest solutions round the globe. Synthetic polymers have since a long time played a relatively important role in present-day medicinal practice. Polymers are now a major materials used in many industrial applications. The prediction of their behavior depends on our understanding of these complex systems. Polymerization and polymer processing techniques thus requires molecular modeling techniques. As happens in all experimental sciences, understanding of complex physical phenomena requires modeling the system by focusing on only those aspects that are supposedly relevant to the observed behavior. Once a suitable model has been identified, it has to be validated by solving it and comparing its predictions with experiments. Solving the model usually requires approximations. 

Materials that can be magnetized and attracted to a magnet are called ferromagnetic materials (or ferrimagnetic). These include iron, nickel, cobalt, some alloys of rare earth metals, and some naturally occurring minerals such as lodestone. Magnetic Smart Materials also have medical applications and it is expected that they will increase in the future. Examples are carrying medications to exact locations within the body and the use as a contrasting agent for MRI scans, assessing the risk of organ damage in hereditary hemochromatosis, determining the dose of iron chelator drugs required for patients with thalassemia, and Now-a-days Scientists are also working on the development of synthetic magnetic particles that can be injected into the human body for the diagnosis and treatment of disease. Spintronics, also known as spin electronics or fluxtronics, is the study of the intrinsic spin of the electron and its associated magnetic moment, in addition to its fundamental electronic charge, in solid-state devices.