2^nd Global Summit on Material Science and Engineering September 12-30, -0001 Los Angeles, USA

Biography:

Since January 2002, Dr. Matthew E. Edwards has held the position of Professor of Physics in the Department of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics at Alabama A&M University, Normal, AL and served as Dean, of the School of Arts and Sciences, from 2007 to 2011, a period of 4.5 years. Previous academic positions held by Dr. Edwards prior to 2002 include associate professorships at Spelman College, in Atlanta, GA and Fayetteville State University, in Fayetteville, NC, and he was a visiting associate professor and adjunct faculty member for ten years at the University of Pittsburgh, in Pittsburgh, PA. Dr. Edwards is a Condensed Matter Physicist with research expertise in (1) materials of electrooptics, (2) pyroelectric/resistivity/dielectric properties of crystals and nano-particles doped organic thin films, (3) the production of large organic thin films, and (4) solitons wave theory. Dr. Edwards has more than 45 publications. Also, he has guided five students to advanced degrees: three to the Ph.D., and two to the master’s degree, and has served on more than 12 other dissertations and theses committees. He was the guest editor of the American Journal of Materials Science for the 2015 year. Presently, he is guiding two master’s degree students. Also, he sits on the Board of Directors of two journals.

Abstract:

Previously, we have reported measurements of the temperature-dependent surface resistivity of pure and multi-walled carbon nanotubes doped Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) thin films. In the temperature range from 22 ℃ to 40 ℃, with a humidity-controlled environment, we have found the surface resistivity to decrease initially but to rise steadily as the temperature continued to increase. Correspondingly, we have measured the temperature-dependent pyroelectric coefficient of doped PVDF thin films. While the physical mechanism of the pyroelectric phenomenon in PVDF thin films is quite well known, the surface resistivity behavior of PVA thin films is not. Here, we report recent volume resistivity measurements and address the electrical conduction phenomenon that contributes to both surface and volume resistivities of pure and doped PVA thin films. Moreover, we give preliminary detectivity and other relevant quality factors for IR and motion sensors. Regarding the pyroelectric effect of doped PVDF thin films, we give Materials Figures-of-Merit from our measurements. In addition, pyroelectric, surface and volume resistivity infrared detection fundamentals are presented.

Biography:

Michael Herman received his PhD in Chemistry from the University of Chicago in 1980. He then did postdoctoral research at Columbia University in New York before joining the chemistry faculty at Tulane University in New Orleans in the fall of 1981. He is best known for the development of semiclassical methods for the calculations of the properties and dynamics of chemical systems.

Abstract:

A semiclassical method will be presented that describes the time dependent tunneling of a quantum wavepacket encountering a barrier. Tunneling through barriers plays a significant role in many reactions. The method described in this talk uses an approximation to the standard semiclassical stationary phase method. The approximation employed in this work leads to real valued tunneling trajectories, while most methods for this problem employ complex valued trajectories. Using only real valued trajectories will have significant advantages in applications to larger systems. It is found that there are typically three of these approximate stationary phase contributions to the wave function for each point r in the transmitted region. Two of these have energies very close to the barrier top, one slightly above the barrier top and the other slightly below it. The third approximate stationary phase contribution is at a lower energy. Difficulties in obtaining accurate values for the contributions from trajectories with an energy very close to the barrier top will be considered, and the accuracy of the approximate stationary phase wave function will be discussed.

Biography:

N. Ohta has completed his PhD from Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, and postdoctoral studies from Marquette University in Milwaukee.Until March 2015, he was Professor at Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. He is now Chair Professor at National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan and Professor Emeritus at Hokkaido University. He has published more than 200 papers in reputed journals.He has focused to the Photoelectric and Photobioelectric Research, where novel materials functions and novel biological function are quested by photoirradiation and application of electric field.

Abstract:

Control of electrical conductivity by using external stimuli such as photoirradiation and electric field is one of the major subjects in materials science because of prospects for the discovery of potential optoelectronic materials.

Electrical conductivity has been measured with and without photoirradiation and electric fields with special attention to organic molecular conductors. With a visible nanosecond pulsed laser light in the presence of electric field, for example, a switching of the electrical conductivity is observed. Moreover, the conductivity switching shows an unprecedented memory effect, of which the appearance is governed by temporal width and height of pulsed electric fields. In some single crystals, the Mott insulating phase is converted to the metallic phase by application of electric fields without photoirradiation. The threshold voltage for the transition is reduced by photoirradiation, that is, the synergy effect of the photoirradiation and electric field is observed. A gigantic photoinduced change in ionic conductivity has been also observed in AgI crystals.

With photoirradiation, potential functionality in the molecular conductors and the ionic conductor can be revealed. The results are obtained as a part of our strategy toward the realization of photoinduced superconductivity or photoinducedsuperionic conductivity, which is one of the most challenging problems in materials science.

Biography:

Kimihisa Yamamoto received PhD degrees from Waseda University in Polymer Chemistry in 1990. He joined the Department of Chemistry at Keio University from 1997 as professor. Currently, he is a professor in the Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology since 2010. His present research interests are in developing supra-metallomolecules for nanosynthesizers involving nanoparticles, subnanoparticles and superatoms.

Abstract:

We show that tinchlorides, SnCl₂ and FeCl₃ complexes to the imines groups of a spherical polyphenyl- azomethine dendrimer in a stepwise fashion according to an electron gradient, with complexation in a more peripheral generation proceeding only after complexation in generations closer to the core has been completed. The metal-assembly in a discrete molecule can be converted to a size-regulated metal cluster with a size smaller than 1 nm as a molecular reactor. Due to the well-defined number of metal clusters in the subnanometer size region, its property is much different from that of bulk or general metal nanoparticles.

Dendrimers are highly branched organic macromolecules with successive layers or “generations” of branch units surrounding a central core. Organic inorganic hybrid versions have also been produced, by trapping metal ions or metal clusters within the voids of the dendrimers. Their unusual, tree-like topology endows these nanometre-sized macromolecules with a gradient in branch density from the interior to the exterior, which can be exploited to direct the transfer of charge and energy from the dendrimer periphery to its core.

Here we show that tin ions, Sn²⁺, complex to the imines groups of a spherical polyphenylazo- methine dendrimer in a stepwise fashion according to an electron gradient, with complexation in a more peripheral generation proceeding only after complexation in generations closer to the core has been completed. By attaching an electron-withdrawing group to the dendrimer core, we are able to change the complexation pattern, so that the core imines are complexed last. By further extending this strategy, it should be possible to control the number and location of metal ions incorporated into dendrimer structures, which might and uses as tailored catalysts, building blocks, or fine-controlled clusters for advanced materials.

Biography:

Caroline Lambert-Mauriat is researcher at Aix-Marseille University, France. She is also lecturer in industrial computing at the Institute of Technology of Aix-Marseille University. She was awarded her PhD degree from the University of Aix-Marseille in materials sciences in 1999. Since 2000 her main research interest is the study of oxide surfaces and their interactions with simple molecules by ab initio calculations.

Abstract:

The team "micro sensors" at the IM2NP mainly focuses on the development of gas sensors, whose principle is based on measurement in conductance variation in presence of gas. The material used as sensitive element is a semi-conductor metal oxide (WO₃, Cu₂O or CuO) and target gas is a simple molecule such as ozone, NO_x or CO_x. The objective of our ab initio calculations is to better understand the interactions between gas and oxide surface at atomic scale, in order to propose possible improvements to the selectivity of these sensors. All systems have been simulated using the SIESTA code based on DFT. We present here some of results obtained on WO₃ surface and Cu₂O surface for ozone adsorption/dissociation. In the case of WO₃, results for NO_x and CO_x molecules are exposed too.

Biography:

Dr. Dongsheng Li completed her PhD in 2005 from Penn State University, majoring in materials science and engineering. Her PhD research focused on nanomaterials synthesis and characterization. She spent three years at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory as a project scientist, developing methods with in situ TEM and AFM to investigate particle nucleation and growth, and particle mediated crystal growth. She is currently a staff scientist at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. She has published over 30 papers in respected journals and has been serving as a reviewer for journals such as Journal of Physics; Nanotechnology; and the Journal of the American Ceramic Society, etc.

Abstract:

Assembly of molecular clusters and nanoparticles in solution is now recognized as an important mechanism of crystal growth in many materials, yet the assembly process and attachment mechanisms are poorly understood. To achieve this understanding we are investigating nucleation and assembly of iron and titanium oxides using in situ and ex-situ TEM, and the forces that drive oriented attachment between nanocrystals and the factors that control them via AFM-based dynamic force spectroscopy (DFS). Our hypothesis is that attachment is due to reduction of surface energy and the driving forces that bring the particles together are a mix dipole-dipole interactions, van der Waals forces, and Coulombic interactions. Therefore they can be controlled via pH, ionic strength (IS), and ionic speciation. In-situ TEM shows that, in the iron oxide system, primary particles interact with one another through translational and rotational diffusion until a near-perfect lattice match is obtained either with true crystallographic alignment or across a twin plane. Oriented attachment then occurs through a sudden jump-to-contact. Analysis of the acceleration during attachment indicates it is driven by electrostatic attraction. Ex-situ TEM analysis shows that the TiO2 nanowire branching occurs through attachment of anatase nanoparticles to rutile wires on a specific crystallographic plane for which the anatase-to-rutile transformation leads to creation of a twin plane. Initial DFS measurements of the forces between (001) crystal basal planes of mica, and (001) planes of TiO₂ show that the forces have strong relationship to pH, IS, and crystal orientation.

Biography:

Prof. Wen-Dan Cheng has a tenured position at Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He received his M.S. degree from Xiamen University in 1981. He worked as a visiting professor from 08/1998 to 02/1999 at the Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, as a visiting scholar from 08/1992 to 12/1993 at the Department of Chemistry, Arizona State University and from 08/1987 to 07/1988 at the Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary. He has published about 200 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as a referee for leading research journals and as an organizer of International Workshop of Computational Materials Science at Fuzhou PRC in 2009.

Abstract:

Terahertz (THz) wave is the explosion of applications requirements, especially in the fields of security and biomedicine. However, there are still delays in a widespread use of THz technology due to the scarcity of reliable, simple use sources produced on a large scale. New mid/far infrared nonlinear optical crystals SnGa₄Q₇ (Q = S, Se) can be used to design laser sources of THz wave by difference frequency generation (DFG) process. In order to simulate the output THz light, we have calculated the conversion efficiencies of THz source, which are relative with the cutoff edge of transparent infrared spectrum, absorption coefficient of THz light, and figure of merit, based on the DFG process of infrared nonlinear optical materials SnGa₄Q₇ (Q = S, Se). The calculated phonon dispersions and phonon band densities are employed to determine the transparent cutoff edge of infrared spectrum. The calculated infrared intensities are used to derive the absorption coefficients of THz wave. The calculated nonlinear optical parameters and linear refractive indices are used to determine the figure of merit. The obtained results show that the THz conversion efficient of SnGa₄Se₇ is much larger than that of SnGa₄S₇ under the same experimental conditions, and the THz absorption significantly reduce the conversion efficiency of THz source for the materials of SnGa₄Q₇ (Q = S, Se). We should choose more wide transparent material in mid/far infrared zone or avoid the THz absorption band of material, and choose a large figure of merit material in designing THz source based on DFG process.

Biography:

Lin-Xiu Du has completed his PhD at the age of 40 years from The State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation, Northeastern University. He is the director of the Metal material microstructure and performance control team. He has published more than 15 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of repute.

Abstract:

Advanced heavy steel plates with combination of high strength and superior low-temperature toughness are preferred as constructural materials for ship hull, bridges, buildings, pressure vessels, and offshore structures. The medium Mn steels containing 5-8wt.% Mn are thought to have great potential. The microstructure and mechanical properties of a 0.07C-5.5wt.% Mn steel subjected to quenching and intercritically tempering was studied. The slab of 230 mm thickness was hot rolled to 50 mm plate with the start rolling and finish rolling temperature of 1050℃ and 930℃, respectively. The plate was directly water quenched to a temperature between Ms and Mf of 380℃, and then cooling slowly to room temperature in a delayed cooling pit. The quenched plate was tempered at 630℃ for 80min and 650℃ for 40min respectively. The microstructure of quenched steel consisted of martensite and retained austenite. The yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation was 805MPa, 1114MPa, and 16.7%, respectively. The impact energy at 20℃ and -20℃ was 207J and 150J. The reverse transformed austenite fromed during intercritically tempering. The yield strength and tensile strength of 650℃ tempered speciems were decreased to 650MPa and 829MPa. The elongation was increased to 26.2%. The impact energy at 20℃ and -20℃ was 223J and 157J. When the tempering temperature was 630℃, the yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation was 648MPa, 824MPa, and 24.6%, respectively. The impact energy at 20℃ and -20℃ was greatly enhanced to 239J and 207J. The change of mechanical properties was attribuated to the volume fraction and stability of austenite.

Biography:

Guang-ming Xie, Associate professor, doctor of materials processing, Address: State Key Lab of Rolling and Automation (RAL), Northeastern University, Heping Dist. Shenyang, Liaoning Province.

Abstract:

In order to ensure the requirement for H₂S corrosion resistance pipeline in the oil and gas transportation fields, the Ni-based alloy and pipeline steel were combined successfully by vacuum rolling cladding (VRC) technique. The VRC is a new type cladding technique based on electron beam welding and hot rolling cladding. Under the all of high vacuum level, elevated temperature and severe deformation, the excellent metallurgical bonding was performed on the clad interface. In this study, four-layer symmetry rolling of steel-Ni alloy-Ni alloy-steel was used and microstructures and shear tension properties of the clad interfaces were investigated. The results indicated that the clad interface was continuous and straight without any porosity and crack, and a thin continuous interface layer with a small amount of Al₂O₃ particles were distributed on the interface. Besides, obvious inter-diffusions of Fe, Cr and Ni elements were detected about the interface. The average tension shear strength of the clad interface reached 330 MPa, and the fracture located in the clad interface.

Biography:

Dr. Maxim Durach is an Assistant Professor of Physics at Georgia Southern University, one of the leading research universities in Georgia. He has received his BS and MS degrees from St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University and completed his PhD and postdoctoral studies at Georgia State University in Atlanta, GA. He is working in the field of theoretical and computational physics for applications in nanotechnology. His research interests are in the areas of photonics, plasmonics, optical metamaterials, optoelectronics and optomechanics.

Abstract:

Recently there has been a surge of interest to transformation of properties of light by nanostructures, mechanical effects of optical forces on nanoscale and plasmon-induced electric effects in nanostructured metal. Consideration of these effects from the perspective of physical conservation laws brings integration into these fields, sheds new light on fundamental aspects of light-matter interaction, and provides the groundwork for future nanoscale engineering. Metal nanostructures have the ability to transform the linear, spin angular, and orbital angular momenta of light. In doing this metal absorbs the momentum, first distributing it over the conduction electrons, creating non-equilibrium distribution of hot-electrons and rectified electrical currents, a phenomenon known as Plasmonic Drag Effect (PLDE). Then from the electrons into the crystal lattice, coming into thermal equilibrium and inducing mechanical motion of the nanostructure. The multi-disciplinary consideration of these effects from point of view of photonics, quantum plasmonics and hot-electron kinetics translates into several proposed applications including such novel optical components as ultimately thin nanoscopic waveplates. This also will lead to optoelectronic components, e.g. new-generation of plasmon drag biosensors and detectors, electro-plasmonic transformers for nanoscopic ultrafast circuits, and optomechanical elements such as optical torque wrench.

Biography:

Dr. Kausar Javed Khan has completed her PhD from Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road, Lahore, Pakistan. During PhD studies, she has prepared magnetic garnet series. She has done her MPhil in Solid State Physics from Centre of Excellence at Punjab University, Lahore, Pakistan. She currently holds the position of Assistant Professor at Gulberg College for Women, Lahore. She is also a visiting Professor at FCC Chartered University, Lahore, Pakistan. She has also done Masters in English Literature from University of Punjab, along with a Masters in Educational Planning and Management.

Abstract:

YIG (Yttrium Iron Garnet) is magnetic ferrite having chemical formula Y₃Fe₅O₁₂ and high resistivity. Substituted YIGs have formula Re_xY_3-x Fe₅O₁₂, where R represents rare earth elements. Polycrystalline cylindrical (13 mm x 3.3 mm) six samples of Holmium substituted YIG (Ho_xY_3-xFe₅O₁₂) were prepared by Conventional Ceramic Technique. Powder samples were annealed at 1000â—¦C (1hour) and these were called green powders. The crystalline structure and dielectric properties of samples were studied by D8 Discover X-Ray Diffractometer and Wayne Kerr Impedance Analyzer. Microstructural properties like crystallite size, dislocation density, micro-strain were calculated using XRD data. Dielectric parameters were studied with reference to changing Holmium composition and changing frequency comprehensively. Both dielectric constant (Ɛ’) and Dielectric Loss (Ɛ’’ ) decreased sharply with the increase of frequency at Room Temperature (300k).The decreasing trend in Dielectric Parameters was observed with the increase in Holmium contents . This series of Substituted YIG having small dielectric constant, low dielectric Loss and negligible Tangent Loss can play the most vital role in many electronic devices in microwave region. Small dielectric parameters exhibited by these prepared magnetic garnets make them highly useful in telecommunication and defense industry.

Biography:

Dawit G. Ayana is a PhD candidate at the school of Materials, Mechatronics and Systems Engineering; at the University of Trento (Italy). He received his M.Sc degree in Materials Engineering from same University in 2013. His research interest includes semiconductor materials and inorganic oxide thin films, and he currently working on ZnO thin films memristive device application.

Abstract:

ZnO has gained substantial interest in different research fields due to its appealing properties and wide range of applications. ZnO thin films have been prepared by a variety of techniques. Sol-gel route is widely used and is recognized as a good fabrication technique for synthesis of ZnO thin films. Moreover, it is a good processing to fabricate multi-layer thin films with dense, homogeneous, controlled thickness and stoichiometry. Interestingly, the features of sol-gel derived ZnO thin films can be exploited in order to fulfil the requirements of materials for memristive application. In this work, sol-gel derived multi-layer zinc oxide films were prepared by spin coating technique on different substrates from an alcoholic solution of zinc acetate dihydrate (ZAD) and monoethanolamine (MEA) at different synthetic conditions. The curing and annealing conditions for the ZnO films were adjusted based on the study performed on the ZnO xerogel powders. Structural and morphological features as well as the thermal behaviour of the samples were investigated by complementary techniques including electron microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses, and X-ray diffraction analysis. According to the electrical measurements performed on ZnO thin films sandwiched between Pt/Ti/SiO₂ substrate and Ag dishes as a top electrode, the selected fabrication conditions were suitable for fulfilling the requirements of active resistive layers for the development of memristive devices and preliminary memristive responses were acquired. Further study is also on progress toward the the improvement of the memristive switching performance by introduction of dopant.

Biography:

Wuwen Yi completed his PhD in Engineering Science and Mechanics from Pennsylvania State University, University Park in 2001. He is a Principal Materials Scientist at Halliburton, a major energy service company in the oil and gas industry. He has published several papers in reputable journals and presented at international conferences. He also holds three granted US patents and has more than 10 pending patent applications.

Abstract:

Shaped charges have been used for oil and gas perforating for many years. Researchers have put tremendous effort into improving shaped charge performance including penetration depth and hole size. One of the critical components of the shaped charge is the liner. The liner fabrication process has great impact on the liner’s dimensional symmetry, density, and mass distribution, which all affect shaped charge performance. The authors have developed a systematic approach for deep penetration (DP) shaped charge liner development. This presentation discusses the materials used in DP shaped charge liners, and the spin forming technique used to fabricate them. Furthermore, methods for characterizing the design of the liner, measurement of the fabricated liners, and their performance in a shaped charge are presented. Computer modeling provides the predictions of shaped charge performance and directions for liner design improvement. The liner dimensions are first measured using a coordinate measurement machine (CMM). Then, the liner density is measured from liner apex to skirt, and the density profile is generated. A liner mass profile is created based on the liner density profile and the liner geometry. Flash X-ray is used to capture the tip speed and the straightness of the high-speed jet created by detonating the shaped charge. Time-arrival study using the flash X-ray gives the tunnel speed of the jet. Finally, shaped charge performance is validated by test shots using quality control (QC) targets and API targets according to API RP 19B Section 1.

Biography:

Jan Vrestal has completed his PhD in 1984 from Institute of Physics of Materials, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic and since 1992 is working at Masaryk University. He was the director of Department of Physical Chemistry in 1993-2004 there and since 2009 is working in CEITEC MU as leading researcher. He has published more than 120 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of Journal of Mining and Metallurgy B and Metallic Materials. He was member of Organizing Committee of CALPHAD XXXLIII 2009 and TOFA (Thermodynamics of Alloys) 2014 international conferences.

Abstract:

Phase diagram calculation is powerful tool for characterizing materials (materials genome) in the process of materials development, because properties of materials, especially technological parts, are strongly influenced by created phase microstructure. Produced microstructure during long-time annealing of technological parts during industrial service, where materials are in or near equilibrium state, determine beneficial properties of materials. Present state of CALPHAD (Calculation of Phase Diagrams) method is characterized by using of sophisticated softwares for calculation of phase diagrams (e.g. Thermocalc, Pandat, FactSage etc.) and number of databases which has been created for different types of materials (e.g. solders, steels, aluminium alloys, oxides etc.). Required information for development/validation of databases are gained experimentally (thermodynamic quantities measurement) and theoretically (ab initio calculations). Rules for creating valid databases can be straightforward formulated.

From the point of view of material properties, intermetallic phases are very important (Sigma-phase, Z-phase, Chi phase, Laves phases, Heusler phases etc.). Models used for expression of thermodynamic functions of these phases make it possible to calculate phase diagrams in technologically important cases which is possible to confirm experimentally. The calculations of this type can help to explore the implications of Materials Science and Engineering.

Biography:

Dr. Padmaja Guggilla, an Associate Professor of Physics, at Alabama A&M University with a Ph.D. degree in Applied Physics in 2007. Dr. Guggilla has been extremely successful in writing grants and secured over a million dollars in funding as PI and over two million dollars as Co-I. Dr. Guggilla is very well published (45+) including a book chapter and is invited to give technical talks at various International conferences. Dr. Guggilla’s research interests include pyroelectric materials, infrared sensors, crystal growth, thin film and thick film technology, composite films, and photovoltaic devices.

Abstract:

PMN-PT is an important and high performance piezoelectric and pyroelectric relaxor material having wide range of applications in infrared sensor devices. PMN-PT with 30 mole% single crystal powder was incorporated into a [P(VDF-TrFE)] (70-30 mole%) copolymer matrix to form the 0-3 composites. The material was prepared and subsequently irradiated with heavy ion oxygen. The nanocomposites were analyzed and determined that the material indicated changes in its dielectric constant and pyroelectric coefficient after irradiation. PMN-PT:[P(VDF-TrFE)] Nanocomposites are also characterized using Raman Spectroscopy to get the finger print of these materials and their existence in the composite films. Dielectric constant and dielectric loss results are presented as a function of temperature and frequency, and pyroelectric coefficient as a function of temperature. Due to the irradiation the dielectric constant of the materials increased uniformly, while its pyroelectric coefficient showed a sharp increase to the value of 5×10^-9μC/cm²â„ƒ with increase in temperature. Its dielectric constants showed an increase in values of 527μC/cm²â„ƒat 50℃, 635μC/cm²â„ƒ at 60℃ and 748μC/cm²â„ƒ at 70 ℃. Authors also observed that both microscopic structure and environmental conditions contributed to observed properties. Dielectric loss resulted from electromagnetic energy loss as manifested through phase differences between low-frequency input signal to the films and time varying polarization. The decrease of ε' in higher frequencies region may be due to the fact that the dipoles cannot follow the fast variation of the applied field. This behavior of the increase in ε' and ε" at lower frequencies can be due to contribution of interfacial polarization in the heterogeneous system as well as conduction from space-charges. The activation energy of the PMN-PT:[P(VDF-TrFE)] composite material is calculated and presented. Properties such as the material impedance, admittance and modulus were investigated before and after irradiation effect.

Biography:

Nezar H. Khdary obtained his PhD from the University of Southampton, UK 2005. He is a member of Royal Society of chemistry (MRSC,CChem), American Chemical Society, The New York Academy of Sciences, Saudi Chemical Society and Saudi Computer Society,. In 2012 he nominated an assistant professor visitor at Northwestern University. Currently Dr. Khdary is associate professor at King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology) KACST, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract:

Arsenic contamination is a global issue. The increasing concentration of arsenic in groundwater causes arsenic poisoning; which leads to serious problems to the body, such as kidney and liver medical problem. Also, could cause skin cancer. Therefore, a convenient, easy and cheap technique is required to remove arsenic from contaminated water. According to the study presented in USA TODAY (2007) the arsenic problem facing around 70 countries and more than 137 million people. In this Study, super high surface area (3000 m²/g), carbon was produced to remove arsenic from water. Carbon mesoporous particles were first, activated to make the surface rich with hydroxyl groups, and then the surface was modified with a cabling agent (Fig 1). The modified mesoporous carbon showed superb material for arsenic removal. The removal presents based on ICP-MS were 98-100%. This material will open a new door in the field of arsenic removal

Biography:

Abstract:

A ultra-low C medium Mn steel was subjected to controlled rolling and water quenching, and then the steel plate was intercritically tempered at 650ºC for 30min and 50min, respectively. The microstructure consisted of duplex laminate structure of tempered martensite and reversed transformed austenite. The high yield strength of 780MPa and good low temperature toughness of 135J at -60ºC were obtained when the quenched steel was tempered for 30min. As the tempering time increasing to 50min, the yield strength was decreased to 685MPa, while the tensile strength of 860MPa was unchanged, leading to reduced yield ratio. Moreover, the impact energy at -60ºC was slightly enhanced to 150J. The variation of mechanical properties was influenced by the stability of austenite.

Biography:

Ling He is a professor of Chemistry Department, University of Xian Jiaotong University. She is the director of Chemistry Department and director of Institute of Conservation for Cultural Heritage. She got her Ph.D. in Chemistry Department of Northwestern Polytechnical University and MSc in Analytical Chemistry at University of Science and Technology of China. She has worked as visiting scholar in University of Munich University (Germany) in 1992-1994, and University of Bologna (Italy) in 1998-1999. She has published more than 60 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of repute.

Abstract:

The conservation of stone arts is hoped to eradicate or to retard the degradation processes arising from environmental factors, physical erosion and microorganisms. Nanoscience is a unique resource to conservation because the engineered nanomaterials do not alter the original physical and chemical properties of artefacts and have low environmental impact. Here, we report the soft nanomaterial (built from molecular blocks) in conserving historic stone arts. The molecular blocks bearing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) has unique nanoscale cage-shaped structure and a good solubility which could be easily incorporated into polymeric matrices with promising special properties. Therefore, several POSS-based soft nanomaterials are synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) technique for stone conservation. (1) POSS-based epoxy copolymer of PGMA-g-P(MA-POSS), (2) the POSS-capped diblock copolymer of ap-POSS-PMMAm-b-P(MA-POSS)n, (3) the combination of linear PDMS and caged POSS triblock copolymer of PDMS-b-PMMAm-b-P(MA-POSS)n, and (4) tadpole-shaped POSS-based fluoropolymers of ap-POSS-PMMA-b-PDFHM. Their self-assembled nanopartiles in solution, the surface morphology, chemical composition, hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties, adhesive strength of films and thermal stability are characterized. The performance of these soft nanomaterials for the stone conservation is evaluated by the surface variation, pore size distribution, capillary water absorption, water contact angles and salt/freeze-thaw cycles. The obtained soft nanomaterials are prospected to have the great potential advantages in the conservation of historic stones.

Biography:

Dr.Azha.Periasamy has completed his Ph.D from Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu. He is working as Assistant Professor in Electronics and Instrumentation. He has published 14 referred journals of international and national level.

Abstract:

The family of hydrogen sulphate salts forms an interesting group of materials as the bonding in them is characterized by the presence of strong hydrogen bonds which influence their properties considerably. It is imperative to have better idea about the geometry of sulphate tetrahedron, hydrogen bonding pattern between HSO₄^- ions and the dynamical interaction in these systems in order to establish a correlation between their properties and structure.

Sodium hydrogen sulphate crystals are used as flux or decomposing minerals, substitute for sulphuric acid in dying, disinfectant manufacture of sodium hydrosulphide, sodium sulphate and soda alumn, liberating CO₂ in carbonic acid baths in thermophores, carbonizing works, manufacture of manganese cements, paper, soap, perfumes, food, industrial cleaners, metal pickling are mainly used for the conservation of bees and tartrate into potassium tartrate, ethyl acetate and lab reagents. Potassium hydrogen sulphate belongs to the hydrogen sulphate family MHSO₄ (M= Cs, K, Rb and/or NH₄) that show high temperature phase transition phenomena that is some cases are related to fast-ion conducting phases; these transitions have been investigated by several authors. The hydrogen bonding pattern between the HSO₄^- tetrahedral ions play a dominant role in determining the properties of these compounds. For example, these bonds are responsible for the ferroelectric phase transition found in ammonium and rubidium hydrogen sulphate.

Biography:

Shubin Ren has completed his PhD from USTB(University of Science and Technology Beijing ) China and now has been an Associate Professor in USTB. He has published more than 20 papers in reputed journals.

Abstract:

The retaining rings are used to protect coils wounding on both ends of the generator rotor from damaging and they suffer huge centrifugal force which increases with generator size. So far, most rings failed due to stress corrosion cracking under comprehensive action of stress concentration and corrosive environment. Thus, it is necessary to require retaining ring materials with good stress corrosion resistance and high yield strength (above 1200Mpa). Currently, Cr18Mn18 austenitic non-magnetic steels with good ability to resist stress corrosion and high mechanical properties are often used to prepare the retaining ring of large capacity generator. Electroslag remelting combined with subsequent 10-20 times forging is a typical routine to prepare these rings, during which the forging cracks are easily produced on the surface of the rings due to high content of alloy elements, leading to its low yield and high cost. The powder hot isostatic pressing (HIP) forming technology is used to convert powder in the solid state to fully dense components, resulting in better properties than those achieved by traditional melting or press and sinter manufacturing technologies. Powder can be encapsulated in shaped sheet metal and HIPed to produce near-net shape parts. HIP, in recent years, has become an advanced technology for making large complex shape products and high-performance materials. This paper mainly researched the preparation of generator retaining rings by HIP near net shaping process, including powder preparation and the optimization of HIP parameters. In the end, HIP process is evaluated by a performance comparison with traditional process.

Biography:

Dr. Anouska Nithyanandan was awarded her PhD in 2015 in Biomaterials Engineering at University College London, under the academic supervision of Prof. Mohan Edirisinghe and Dr. Jie Huang. She previously completed her MEng Masters degree in Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering from the University of Warwick, graduating top of her class. She is currently a Research Associate to an EPSRC-sponsored research assistantship and her work is a collaborative project between the EPSRC, UCL and JRI Orthopaedics Ltd. It is centred on developing TAEA spraying into a generic patterning process for bioactive materials and substrates for clinical use in orthopedic implant technology.

Abstract:

The bioengineering pursuit of coating the surface of orthopedic implants such as hip replacements with bioactive materials, enhances direct biological fixation and extends functional service life. This minimizes recovery times and revision surgeries for patients. Template-assisted electrohydrodynamic atomization (TAEA) is a novel ambient temperature patterning process that has the capability to deposit a wide range of materials including bioceramics, biopolymers, composites and biological agents during manufacturing. Pattern topography can be controlled via template choice with observed marked biological benefit above continuous coatings. This work further develops TAEA to optimize the application of interlocked titania (TiO₂) and hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings onto a range of curved titanium substrates, testing and verifying bioactivity in-vitro. Nanoindentation results indicate good adhesion between the pattern and substrate. The morphology and structure of the coatings were determined using optical and scanning electron microscopy. Parallel line microstructures with mean strut width 97±12µm and mean spacing 54±6μm have been successfully produced, establishing that TAEA can create patterns closely resembling the initial template across a range of process variables. MTT and AlamarBlue™ assays were carried out with human osteoblast (HOB) cell lines fixed at a range of time points (3-14 days), to elucidate non-cytotoxicity and cell proliferation in-vitro. HOB cells responded to the parallel line pattern by elongating along and between the lines. The study therefore evidenced the potential for TAEA applications in the future design, manufacturing and functionality of the surface topography of othopadic implants by controlling and guiding cellular response.

Biography:

Xianglin Zhai is a PhD candidtate of analytical chemistry in Louisiana State University, Department of Chemistry. He will graduate in May of 2016. His PhD research focuses on scanning probe techniques and surface fabrication. He has published more than 10 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of Trends in Renewable Energy.

Abstract:

Combining particle lithography with molecular self-assembly is a practical approach to produce 2D arrays of organothiol nanostructures with well-defined geometries and designated surface coverage. A common feature of the various strategies for particle lithography is that a dried film of monodisperse latex or silica mesospheres is used either as an evaporative mask or structural template to define the periodicity and size of nanopatterns. A close-packed, crystalline arrangement of spherical particles is spontaneously produced when mesospheres are dried on flat surfaces. Thiols attach to gold surfaces forming self-assemble monolayers (SAMs). N-alkanethiol molecules are well ordered as a commensurate (√3×√3)R30° lattice on Au(111) with backbones tilted approximately 30° from surface normal. N-alkanethiol SAMs on flat gold provides highly valuable applicability as two-dimensional (2D) device architectures. Combined with particle lithography, millions of regular nanopatterns are generated within thiol SAM using simple chemistry steps (mixing, centrifuging and drying) with exquisite control of the geometry, density, and surface chemistry at the nanoscale. Surfaces can be designed to present diverse functional groups for spatial selectivity for further steps of chemical reactions. Organized arrays of organothiol nanostructures furnish a scaffold for building more complex molecular structures with additional successive steps of chemical reactions such as click-chemistry or surface-initiated polymerization. Examples will be presented for backfilling organothiol nanopatterns with different thiols and conductive molecules, as steps towards designing surface test platform.

Biography:

Dr. Sarker, the President, CEO and CTO of Waste Technologies, LLC (WTL) since 2013, is the sole owner of the company. He received his Ph.D. in Chemistry from the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST), Manchester, UK. He also has a Masters and a Bachelor’s degree, both in Chemistry, from the University of Chittagong, Bangladesh. Dr. Sarker has been the Vice President of Research & Development for NSR since 2005 where he invented the technology which makes up US Patent # 8,927,797 B2 “Method for converting waste plastics to lower – molecular weight hydrocarbons, particularly hydrocarbon fuel materials and the hydrocarbon material produced thereby.” An additional 5 patents are pending. This work has garnered numerous awards both nationally and internationally.

In addition to having published more than 110 research articles he acts as Editor-in Chief for 15 renowned international journals; World Research Journal of Physical Chemistry, International Journal of Chemical Research, and the World Research Journal of Environment and Waste Management and Editor of 155 and 175 of peer reviewer of national and international journals. Dr, Sarker wrote 6 books including chapters on Waste Plastic to Fuel.

Abstract:

Waste Plastic is huge problem in USA and around the Global. This is global problem . Inventions of the twentieth century, plastics are everywhere. Society has found ample ways to use plastics. But users are less adept at managing the material when they are finished with it—often after only one use. The volume of plastics being produced, used, generated, and discarded is greater than ever before. Plastics therefore require increasing effort and ingenuity to properly manage. Annually, of the 120 billion pounds of plastics produced in the United States only about 6% or 4.8 billion pounds are recycled. For all the talk of plastic bans, plastic production is increasing. Waste Technologies LLC (WTL) has the solution at its disposal. This technology can produce approximately 1.3 liter of “WTL fuel” from one kilogram of plastic waste. The exact yield depends on the type of plastic, and the grade of WTL fuel desired. Typically, the process produces a residue of less than 5% of the weight of the plastic waste. This residue is rich in carbon and may be an environmentally superior substitute for coal with a higher BTU value. The WTL technology is able to cater to a wide range of diverse applications, including but not limited to fuel, gas and electrical generation. NSR’s / WTL patented technology, in conjunction with WTL technology and know-how, is a simple and economically viable process to decompose the hydrocarbon polymers of waste plastic into the shorter chain hydrocarbons of liquid fuel. WTL believes that it can convert approximately one tonne of plastic into about 300 gallons of fuel at a cost of about $0.75-$1.00 per gallon and produces 4,205 ft3 (CFT) of light gas (C1-C4) byproduct when developed to commercial size. WTL’s refining process is uncomplicated and promises to be very competitive with large crude oil installations. In financial projections WTL uses $30/bbl. ($0.71 per gallon) for preprocessing and refining costs. Other plastic recycling technologies generally have a very narrow band of plastics they can use. Nearly all recycling is done with plastic designations 1 or 2 while designations 3 through 7 are virtually untapped (over 70% of all plastic fall within these categories). A combination of economic and technological factors account for this situation. The advantage of WTL technology is that it can produce a profitable product from material that society generally pays to thrown away. It is this no or low cost feedstock that is the key advantage.

Biography:

Abdul Majid carried out research on experimental study of GaN systems in Institute of semiconductor Physics, Chinese academy of sciences, Beijing, China and received his PhD in Physics from Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. He joined Physics department, University of Gujrat in 2009. He is currently working as Japan Society for the promotion of science (JSPS) postdoctoral fellow in Osaka University, Japan. His current research interests include MoS2 based material’s design for applications in optoelectronics and spintronics applications. He has published more than 60 research articles in international journals of repute. Acknowledgement: JSPS is acknowledged for financial support.

Abstract:

In post silicon era, the utilization of compound semiconductors (II-VI, III-V) has effectively fulfilled the technological requirements of modern age. The search of nanominiature and economical devices led the human curiosity to enter into the flatland of graphene in 2004 which opened gate to enormous prospects. The limitations of graphene due to its zero band gap motivated researchers to search for alternate two dimensional (2D) materials. Among recently focused 2D materials MoS₂ is a prototype transition metal dichalcogenide due to its wide spread applications in devices and daily life.
This group is looking for efficient material design based on MoS₂ monolayers to meet the requirements of future optoelectronics and spintronics devices. Our preliminary detailed computational investigations on MoS₂ and CeS₂ monolayers revealed that doping/alloying of rare earth (RE) elements modifies interlayer binding energy, defect formation energy and structural parameters of the layers which have strong influence on optical and magnetic properties of materials. Motivated by this we studied the effects of doping of series of RE elements (4f¹ to 4f⁷) in MoS₂ monolayers. The GGA-PBE calculations were performed using VASP code to relax the structures and calculate defect formation energy for all the materials. The spin polarization and long range ferromagnetic ordering was observed owing to 4f open shell configuration of the dopants. The analysis revealed dopant dependent band gap narrowing caused by appearance of impurity related states at edges of host bands. Most of the doped materials are p-type degenerate ferromagnetic semiconductors.

Biography:

Radames has completed his MS in Biochemistry and PhD in Biophysics at the age of 25 years from Albert Einstein College of Medicine. As a Young Talent Attraction Scholar at the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, he continued his doctorate work on the physicochemical properties of microbial capsules and extraceullar vesicles. Currently, he studies fungal melanin in the laboratory of Dr. Arturo Casadevall at the Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health. He has published more than 27 papers in reputed.

Abstract:

Melanins are pigments found in most, if not all, life forms. In biology, melanins are related to function in photoprotection, camouflage, antioxidant, metal chelators, drug resistance, and virulence. These insoluble and amorphous substances are also attractive because of their unique physicochemical properties, including a broad-band UV-Visible optical absorption and the ability to conduct/store electrical charge depending on the water content. Studies from our laboratory demonstrated that melanized fungi can harness chemical energy by capturing high-energy electromagnetic radiation and act as a thermal insulator, protecting cells against heat and cold stress. This research project began evaluating the role of melanin on thermoregulation in the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans; an ideal model since it can generate different pigments depending on exogenous precursor (ie. L-Dopa, dopamine, epinephrine). We initiate our studies by monitoring the apparent temperature differences of L-Dopa pigmented versus non-pigmented C. neoformans communities using infrared imaging. Our data shows that melanized fungal material exhibit slower dissipation of heat when switch from a hot to a cold environment and different apparent temperatures following irradiation with microwave or infrared frequencies, even in the absence of water. These results suggest that melanin alters the heat absorbtion/release of fungal material, and, consistent with the theory of thermal melanism in ectotherms, melanization can provide a mechanism by which microorganisms can regulate their absolute temperatures in response to thermal and/or radiation changes in their environment.

Biography:

Ping Zhou, 27 years old, is a PhD Candidate from Peking University. He has published 5 papers in reputed jounals.

Abstract:

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) possess great value in the aspect of cellular therapies due to its self-renewal and potential to differentiate into all somatic cell types. A few defined synthetic surfaces such as polymers and adhesive biological materials conjugated substrata were established for the self-renewal of hPSCs. However, none of them was effective in the generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and long-term maintenance of multiple hPSCs, and most of them required complicated manufacturing processes. Polydopamine (PDA) has good biocompatiblity, is able to form a stable film on nearly all solid substrates surface, and can immobilize adhesive biomolecules. In our study, carboxymethyl chitosan was used as a linker to orthogonally and controllably attach adhensive peptide to PDA coated cell culture plates for the culture of hPSCs. This synthetic surface was demonstrated that not only support the reprogramming of human somatic cells into hiPSCs under defined conditions, but also sustain the growth of hiPSCs on diverse substrates. Moreover, the proliferation and pluripotency of hPSCs cultured on the surface were comparable to Matrigel for more than 20 passages. Besides, hPSCs were able to differentiate to cardiomyocytes and neural cells on the surface. This polydopamine-based synthetic surface represents a chemically-defined surface extensively applicable both forfundamental research and cell therapies of hPSCs.

Biography:

Dr. Sampath kumar M.C. is faculty at the civil engineering Department at B.M.S College of engineering Bangalore, India. He is involved in Teaching, research and environmental application activities. His area of interest is in the field of remote sensing and GIS for natural resources conservation.

Abstract:

The Paper describes the studies conducted on application of cleaner development mechanisms and its impact on environment in three industrial areas at different geographical locations. The industrial areas under investigation had a Textile industry, Pharmaceutical Industry and a metal plating industry.The studies involved Industry specific issues such as cleaner development mechanisms, substitution of process chemicals, use of alternate raw materials and process modification. The charecteristics under consideration varied from energy consumption,water balance,hazardous waste handling and ambient noise levels.The studies were supplemented with Estimation of carbon credits and economics.Studies were further facilitated by GIS tools involving GPS suveys,remote sensing and GIS to assess the impact on Ground water quality by sampling and charecterisation of 90 ground water samples around these industrial areas spread on a vast geographical area.Based on these studies need based solutions have been arrived at to minimise environmental damage and strengthen Green initiatives which has brought a distinct change in the quality of work practices in these industrial areas and community at large.

Biography:

Dr. Veena Prasad has completed her PhD at the age of 30 years, from Raman Research Institute, Bengaluru, India and postdoctoral studies from Korea University, Seoul, South Korea. She is a senior scientist at Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences (CeNS), Bengaluru, a reputed research institute in the fields of both Soft and Nano materials research. She has published more than 45 papers in reputed journals and co-authored a book chapter. She was awarded Dr. Kalpana Chawla Young Women Scientist State Award for the year- 2013, in recognition of her outstanding contribution in the field of Science and Technology.

Abstract:

A new surge of activity in the field of ferro-/antiferro-electric liquid crystals was prompted in 1996, by the observation of ferroelectric switching in achiral bent-core compounds. Later, several such compounds exhibiting electro-optically switchable mesophases were reported. The first photochromic azo functionalised bent-core liquid crystals were reported by us in 2001. The reversible photo-induced effects observed (Veena and Jakli, in 2004), in transition temperatures and electrio-optical switching properties of the mesophases exhibited by these compounds, have added a new dimension to the exciting field of bent-core liquid crystals. Thus, we continued our investigations on such azo functionalised compounds, from various aspects. In this presentation, I will be describing three structural variants of azo substituted achiral bent-core compounds constituting of symmetrical and non-symmetrical molecules. It was found that the non-symmetrical molecules are more conducive to mesomorphism than the symmetrical ones. We observed B₁ (Col_r), B₂ (SmC_AP_A) and B₇ mesophases in these compounds. The B₇ mesophase was found to have a modulated layer structure. We also report for the first time, the photo-induced studies in the B₇ mesophase and make a comparison of these results with those obtained in a B₂ mesophase. From our studies, we observed that these effects are more profound in the case of B₇ mesophase when compared to the B₂ mesophase, in such systems.

Biography:

Wei Li Lee received his Ph.D. degree from Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore in 2012. He is currently working as a Postdoctoral Fellow at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Before joining MIT, Wei Li was a postdoctoral research fellow in NTU (2012-2014), where he served as a project leader for particle fabrication and drug-carrier formulations. He has developed 5 patents and published 19 peer-reviewed journal papers, including 15 first-authored papers in Small, Journal of Controlled Release, Acta Biomaterialia, etc. He also presented his works at several international conferences held in the US, Europe and Asia, and won several academic awards.

Abstract:

Nanoscale surface textures, when optimally designed, present a unique surface engineering approach to improve surface functionalities. Coupling surface texture with shape programmable polymer may generate tunable surface properties. A shape memory polyetherurethane is used to prepare 250 nm-pillar arrays. The mechanical deformation via stretching and recovery of the pillar arrays are investigated as a function of aspect ratios. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy analyses show the higher aspect-ratio (2.5:1) pillars exhibiting more deformation in height than low (l:1) aspect-ratio pillars under the same applied macroscopic strain. In the recovery study, the high contribution of surface energy impedes the complete recovery (~70%) of pillars. The nanopillar arrays are shown to perform switchable wetting function and surface mechanical properties (penetration resistance, modulus, buckling/bending) without changing materials or needing continuous external stress or energy inputs. For wetting, the 1:1 pillars exhibited decreasing water contact angles as the applied tensile strain (É›) increased from 0% to 200%, whereas the contact angles on the 2.5:1 pillars increased when changing É› from 0% to 100%, and began to decrease at high strain (É›=200%). In terms of surface mechanical behavours, the 2.5:1 pillars yielded a higher unloading modulus compared to the 1:1 pillars as a result of distinct buckling/bending mechanisms. In addition, the modulus could be further engineered by deforming the pillar structure and its arrangement. This study provides insights into how the surface functionalities can be tuned by manipulating geometrical designs of surface patterns and varying applied levels of stretching during shape programming.

Biography:

Cai-Ru GAO has completed his PhD at the age of 41 years from The State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation, Northeastern University. She is a major member of the Metal material microstructure and performance control team. She has published more than 16 papers in reputed journals.

Abstract:

With high frequency fatigue experiment machine PX-100, The fatigue behavior test of wheel spoke steel named S500LF was carried out within 100~120Hz frequency, adopting pull - pressure symmetric force test method. Fatigue limit of tesed steel is 291MPa; the S-N curve is illustuated out, and return to the S-N curve equation;The fracture analysis shows that the S500LF wheel spoke steel has good toughness.

Biography:

Jun Hu has completed his PhD at the age of 27 years from The State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation, Northeastern University. He is dedicated to study the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties control of advanced high strength steel. He has published more than 20 papers in the SCI indexed journals, and total impact factor was higher than 50.

Abstract:

A ultra-low carbon 5Mn steel was subjected to controlled rolling and direct cooling, and then the ultra heavy plate steel of 100 mm thickness was intercritically tempered at 650ºC. The microstructure consisted of alternative laminate structure of tempered martensite and reversed transformed austenite. The yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation of 638 MPa, 805 MPa, and 34%, was obtained in the 1/2 thickness of the plate, and 670 MPa, 818 MPa, and 32% in the 1/4 thickness. Moreover, the impact absorbed energy tested at -80ºC was higher than 100 J. The high microstructure and mechanical properties homogeneity along thickness was obtained because 5Mn alloying significantly increase the hardenability of the ultra-thick plate steel. The partitioning of Mn from tempered martensite to austenite greatly enhanced the stability of reversed austenite. Austenite transformed to martensite under tensile straining, and the volume fraction decreased gradually. The TRIP effect of metastable reversed transformed austenite played the significant role on improving toughness and plasticity.

Biography:

Prof. Buta Singh Sidhu is notable academician and technologist and is Dean Academic of IKG Punjab Technical University Jalndhar (India). Additionally he is currently holding a position of Dean International Collaborations. He has completed his PhD at the age of 39 years, from Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India.

Prof. Sidhu has very early entered to the noble teaching profession as being his interest to be teacher and has worked on many of research projects. Apart from member of many of the National and International bodies, Prof. Sidhu has nominated as member of the TSS Thermal Spray Advisory Council of TSS-ASM Thermal Spray Society, an affiliate Society of ASM International, USA.

Prof. Sidhu has published 140 research papers in reputed journals and conference proceedings and is serving as an editorial board member of various Journals/ Conferences of repute. He is also Editor in Chief of International Journal of Surface Engineering and Materials Technology.

Abstract:

Erosion-Corrosion in boiler steels is both costly and dangerous. Many times hot corrosion and erosion are the main causes for shutdown of power plants. Apart from shut down in power plants it limits steam temperature, reduces thermal efficiency of boilers and loss of billions of dollars for the replacement of corroded structures, machinery and equipment.

In this research work, Alumina coatings reinforced with various percentages of carbon nano tubes (CNTs) were prepared and has been successfully deposited on ASME-SA213-T91 boiler tube steel with purpose to enhance the corrosion resistance. Plasma spray process methodology was used to deposit these coatings. Ni-20Cr was used as bond coat before applying CNTs- Al₂O₃ coatings. The coatings were subjected to metallography, XRD, SEM/EDAX and X-Ray mapping analysis.

A decrease in the porosity has been observed with increase in CNTs content. The carbon nano tubes were found to be uniformly distributed within the Al₂O₃ matrix. The CNTs were chemically stable during the spray forming. These carbon nano tubes found to be stable even at high processing temperature and have not reacted to form oxides.

Biography:

Dr. Balkar Singh has completed his PhD in 2010 from Punjab Techncial University Jallandhar, Punjab, India. Presnetly he his working as Directror of colleges of IKG-PTU. He did graduationa nd post graducation in Mechancil Engineeeig from Panjab Univeristy Chandigarh, India. The area of rsearch work is manily finite element method and non tradtional manufacturing processes.

Abstract:

Magnetic abrasives play essential role in Magnetic assited abrasive Finishing (MAF) processes. The magnetic abrasives are prepared by a variety of technqies. In many existing applications of MAF simple mixing of ferromagnetic and abrasive particles has been employed. In the present work, the parametric studies have been conducted to assess the impact of prominent paramters of sintering process on perforamcne of magentic abrasives. The sintering time, concentration of abrasive and ferromagetic powder  and compacting pressure were chosen as input paramters. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) has been used to conduct and analyse the experiemtnal work. Percentage Improvement in Surface Finish (PISF) is taken as perforamcne criteria. The optimal combination of input paramters was determined on the basis of experimental data. Sintering time of 24 min, compacting pressure 8.3 N/mm² and abrasive concentration 18 % aluminium oxide with 82 % iron powder came as optimal combination.

Biography:

Ignacio Aviles Santillana completed his masters in Industrial engineering with specialization in material science at the age of 26 years from Carlos III University of Madrid. His master thesis developed at CERN opened him the possibility of joining the materials and metrology section of Dr Sgobba in the field of materials for particle accelerators. He started his PhD in the field of fracture mechanics of austenitic stainless steel welds at cryogenic temperature in 2015.

Abstract:

Austenitic stainless steels have been used extensively for very low temperature applications due to their high strength and ductility, ready weldability, high fracture toughness and a low fatigue crack growth rate down to cryogenic temperatures. Today stainless steels are also the dominant materials of ultra-high vacuum (UHV) constructions. For the most demanding applications, a high temperature vacuum firing treatment is applied to the finished components in order to reduce the outgassing rate. Vacuum firing, for some specific applications, might be carried out within the range of sensitization temperatures for the steel. For this reason, it is essential to assess the impact of such heat treatments on the ductility and fracture mechanics properties of stainless steels, which are particularly relevant for components to be used in the cryogenic range.

The present paper investigate mechanical and fracture toughness behavior at 4 K of AISI 316L and AISI 316LN tungsten inert gas (TIG) welds using an austenitic stainless steel filler (EN 1.4453). Additionally, the effect on fracture toughness of two typical vacuum firing treatments (950 ℃ for 2 hours and 650 ℃ for 24 hours) is evaluated. A correlation between the evolution of properties and microstructure as resulting from the above treatment is provided.

Biography:

Wafa Hami started her Phd degree in 2013 in the field of inorganic materials science especially in optical properties of condensed phosphates activated with rare earth. She completed her masters in materials science with specialization in industrial inorganic materials at the age of 24 years from faculty of science, Mohamed V university of Rabat- Morocco. Currently, She got a contract position and she teach part time while pursuing her research.

Abstract:

With the advent of new technologies in the field of optics, the development of luminescent materials for phosphors used especially for lighting, display, viewing or marking, has become one of the areas that have an intense competition internationally.

The judicious choice of the phosphors material as a couple entities: host lattice - active center previously requires a perfect knowledge of the structure of the material and its ability to accommodate one or more dopants. During the last decades, optical properties of rare earth in host matrices have been undertaken especially condensed phosphates matrices that optimize the optical performance of rare earth ions.

Several interesting applications have been reported for condensed phosphate with A^IM^III

P₂O₇ formula (A = alkali; M = RE, transition metal). Besides laser applications, these materials can be used as optical fiber communication [1], ion conductors [1] and VUV phosphors [2] thanks to their chemical stability and structural diversity as reported by G.VITINS [1] and N.KHAY [3].

In our work, we report the results of synthesis and preliminary characterization of a silver diphosphate doped with La and Eu ions. The samples were prepared by conventional solid state reaction and analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. The emission of rare earth in this lattice has been investigated at room temperature.

References 1.- G. VITINS, Z. KANEPE, A. VITINS, J. RONIS, A. DINDUNE, A. LUSIS, J. Solid State Electrochem., 4 (2000) 146.
2.- J.L. YUAN, J. WANG, D.B. XIONG, J.T. ZHAO, Y.B. FU, G.B. ZHANG, C.S. Shi, J. Lumin., 126 (2007) 717.
3. - N. KHAY, A. ENNACIRI & M. HARCHARRAS, Vib. Spectrosc., 27 (2001) 119.
4. - C. CALVO, Inorg. Chem., 7 (1968) 1345.

Biography:

Mohammad Masoumi holds PhD degree in Metallurgical and Materials Engineering (Physical and mechanical properties of materials) from Universidade Federal do Ceará of Brazil. His research interests focused on the study the role of microstructural parameters such as, microstructure, crystallographic texture and grain boundary distributions on mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.

Abstract:

High strength low alloy (HSLA) steels are widely used in automotive industry such as cars, trucks and cranes. One of the main challenging issues to use the rolled products is the stamping and deep-drawing that employed in automotive industry. The effect of crystallographic texture produced by hot rolling and different post-treatments on tensile and anisotropic properties was studied in current work. The best anisotropic behavior was obtained by solution treated sample that attributed to the formation of a new set of recrystallized and strain-free grains. The formation of {111} and {110}//ND texture components resulted in an excellent combination of strength and mechanical properties in quench-tempered at 700°C sample.

Biography:

Tu Le Manh is a Metallurgical Engineer and Master in Extractive Metallurgy from Instituto Superior Minero Metalurgico de Moa, Cuba. Currently, he is PhD student at Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico. He has published 3 papers in reputed journals on the use of Barkhausen noise to measure magnetocrystalline energy and have acted as a reviewer for these journals as well.

Abstract:

Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) is a powerful technique for the microstructural characterization of materials. This paper shows evidence of the capability of EBSD to accurately estimate magnetocrystalline energy (MCE) of API 5L steels. The crystallographic texture of six circular samples extracted from different out-of-service pipelines was characterized through X-ray global texture and EBSD microtexture measurements. The average MCE of each sample was estimated from the set of individual grain orientations measured by EBSD. The angular dependence of EBSD-derived MCE was compared with predictions made from X-ray-measured texture and Barkhausen Noise (BHN) measurements. The average EBSD-derived MCE shows a good agreement with the prediction from X-ray and BHN measurements for all the studied samples both qualitatively and quantitatively. This agreement can be explained by the fact that number of grains used to estimate the average MCE from EBSD data was statistically sufficient to reproduce the predictions by the other two methods. The EBSD measurement strategy for the accurate estimation of MCE was established in terms of parameters such as the number of individual grain orientations to be measured, the sample's texture acuity and grain size, and the use of equivalent orientations given by the statistical orthorhombic symmetry of the studied samples. These results also highlight the fact that EBSD-derived MCE has some advantages with respect to the determination of this energy from X-ray texture as MCE can be calculated directly from raw EBSD data for reduced sample sizes, while other microstructural parameters can be incorporated into the analysis of such the impact of grain boundary character distribution on the average MCE of the polycrystal.

Biography:

Jun DING obtained his Diploma Physics from University of Wuppertal in 1986, and PhD degree from Ruhr University Bochum, Germany in 1990. He has been working on magnetic and nanostructured materials for more than 25 years. He is currently working as Professor at Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore. He has published over 350 journal papers with a total citation 12000 and H-Index = 60 (Google Scholar). More recently, his research work has been extended into additive manufacture of functional devices.

Abstract:

Spinel ferrite (MFe₂O₄ with M = Fe, Co, Ni and Mn) is an important family on magnetic materials for various engineering applications. However, their saturation magnetization is much lower compared to metallic compounds. Recently, enhanced magnetization has been reported in ultrathin spinel ferrite films. Our study on spinel ferrite on various substrates has indicated that the magnetization enhancement may be attributed to a large area of grain boundaries because of very small grain size in order of 4-5 nm. More recently, we have successfully fabricated spinel ferrite films on MgO substrate using chemical route – thermal decomposition. Epitaxial thick films can be deposited on MgO substrates of different crystallographic orientations. More interesting, these thick films exhibit enhanced magnetization over 1 Tesla. Our structural investigation has indicated that the enhanced magnetization may be attributed to doping of carbon because carbon substitution may lead in spin flip. The results have been supported by first principles calculation.

Biography:

Prof. Hideo Miura has received his PhD from Tohoku University, Japan. He had worked for Hitachi Ltd., Japan for 20 years as a Chief Researcher of mechanical reliability of various products and moved to Tohoku University in 2003. He is the director of Fracture and Reliability Research Institute. His main research topic now is prediction and prevention of fracture of advanced functional materials and devices. He has published more than 200 technical papers in the field of mechanical reliability of various materials and thin-film devices, and has been serving as an organizer of international conferences.

Abstract:

Recently, mechanical properties of polycrystalline materials have been found to vary drastically depending on their micro texture. The crystallinity of grain boundaries was found to dominate both their mechanical and electrical properties and the long-term reliability. This is because various defects such as strain, vacancies, impurities, and dislocations easily concentrate around grain boundaries and thus, degrade the quality of atomic configuration in grains and grain boundaries. In this study, a grain boundary is defined by volumetric transition area between two grains, though it has been defined as a line interface between nearby grains. The quality of grain boundaries is independent of crystallographic orientation of nearby grains. The diffusion of component elements is remarkably dominated by the local quality of grain boundaries. The degradation of materials mainly starts to occur around grain boundaries with low crystallinity and atomic diffusion, such as strain-induced anisotropic diffusion and electromigration, is accelerated drastically along the poor-quality grain boundaries. Crystallinity of grain boundaries can be evaluated quantitatively by applying electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD) method. The order of atomic alignment in the observed area is analyzed by the sharpness of Kikuchi lines obtained from the observed area. Various materials properties vary drastically depending on the order of atomic alignment, in particular, in grain boundaries. Both fluctuation and degradation of various properties of materials such as heat-resistant alloys and thin films are investigated from the viewpoint of the crystallinity of grains and grain boundaries.

Biography:

Dr. Yonghao Zhao has completed his PhD at the age of 30 years from Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He did research at Max Planck Institute for Metal Research, Germany, Los Alamos National Lab. and University of California at Davis from 30 to 40 years old. Then he is the deputy director of Nanostructural Materials Reseach Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology. He has published more than 100 papers in reputed journals and his papers have been cited over 5000 times.

Abstract:

For thousands of years, human being has been searching and preparing both strong and ductile materials. However, strength and ductility of a material are generally mutually exclusive. This is the well-known strength-ductility paradox, which exists for centuries. The underlying mechanism for the strength-ductility paradox of metals and alloys is dislocation-slip dominated plastic deformation, which could be traced back to 1930’s. Here by means of alloying designation, we developed a new face-centered cubic (FCC) high entropy alloy (HEA) NiCoFeVMo with unique {111}<110> slip features including short slip distance, low mobile dislocation exhaustion rate, dynamic nucleation, homogeneous distribution of high-density dislocations and nano-scale planar slip lamella. These unique deformation mechanisms break the strength-ductility paradox by a super combination of an ultra-high tensile ductility of 90% (36% for coarse-grained Ni) and an ultimate tensile strength of 980 MPa (346 MPa for Ni). First principles calculation revealed that the unstable stacking fault energy, i.e. {111}<110> slip potential barrier of the HEA varies continuously from 830 to 1200 mJ/m², different from the unique value of 977 mJ/m² for Ni. The variable slip potential barriers results in the above unique HEA slip features. Our work explores a new concept for designing both strong and ductile alloys by actuating new slip features.

Biography:

Zong-an LUO has completed his PhD at the year of 2006, works as a teacher of the Northeastern University, now is a professor of Northeastern University, and has published more than 40 papers in reputed journals.

Abstract:

In this paper, the hydroforming process of X tube has been simulated and analyzed by the dynamic explicit finite element analysis software DYNAFORM, the variation law of thickness distribution, size change, stress and strain of X tube under different loading paths has been researched. The control algorithm of adaptive simulation and BP neural network based on the genetic algorithm has been developed, and the main factors which has influence on the forming property are optimized by this intelligent control strategy, including the matching relationship among axial feed, internal pressure and back displacement. The internal mechanism of the loading path which has influence on the hydroforming properties of X tube has been found out, for providing the theoretical basis and the optimization evaluation criterion of the optimization for loading path.

Biography:

Feng Ying-ying has completed her PhD at the age of 28 years from Northeastern University. She works as a teacher in the Northeastern University now, and has published more than 15 papers in reputed journals.

Abstract:

In this paper, stainless steel/X65 pipeline steel clad plate was prepared by vacuum hot rolling technology, the influence of the interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of stainless steel clad plate, and the corrosion resistance of 316L complex layer with different process of controlled rolling and cooling was studied, the process design basis for the production of clad plates with excellent properties for the production of clad pipes has been provided. Especially the combined interface, was evaluated using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The resulting mechanical properties were also assessed by means of hardness and shear test. The results showed that,

(1) With the increase of the reduction rate, the interface can be fully and effectively combined, the oxide at the interface was refined, and the bonding strength of the composite interface was improved. When the reduction rate was 80%, the interface bonding strength of stainless steel/X65 pipeline steel has reached 426MPa; the microstructure of X65 grains can be refined and be changed into fine acicular ferrite and granular bainite and a small amount of polygonal ferrite via the controlling cooling after rolling process, and the mechanical properties can be further enhanced.
(2) With the increase of the reduction ratio, the intergranular corrosion of 316L stainless steel became more detrimental. The controlling cooling after rolling process resulted in the improvement of the intergranular corrosion, because of the shorter sensitizing temperature duration for the 316L stainless steel.

Biography:

Yasuhiro Kimura received his Bachelor of Engineering degree in 2012 and his Master of Engineering degree in Mechanical Engineering in 2014, from Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan. He is a graduate student in Saka-Laboratory of Tohoku University.

Abstract:

Electromigration (EM) is a physical phenomenon of atomic diffusion with high density electron flow. EM is known as a negative phenomenon for electronic devices because the formation of hillocks and voids induced by EM deteriorates a metal line, and many researchers have reported various ways for preventing EM. On the other hand, our research group has developed the fabrication technique for micro-materials such as micro-wires by utilizing EM. The EM technique for fabricating 1D metallic micro-materials has unique characteristics including single crystalline, pure material and high-aspect ratio. The stress gradient due to EM, which can be controlled by structure design of passivation and artificial hole, contributes to intentional fabrication of micro-materials. The passivation has a role in controlling the stress generation because it restrains the deformation of metal line caused by EM and then high compressive stress for discharging atoms is generated at certain area in a metal line under a passivation. The artificial hole through which metallic micro-material can be formed is also key component in the EM technique. In the EM technique, it is important to design a sample structure with passivation and artificial hole for advancing the fabrication performance. In this work, we report the effect of structures which are passivation and artificial hole on the fabrication of micro-mateiral in the EM technique.

Biography:

Guo Shanshan is currently a phd student from the National University of Singapore.

Abstract:

Electrostatic interactions play an important role in adhesion phenomena particularly for biomacromolecules and microorganisms. Zero charge valences of zwitterions have been claimed as the key to their antifouling properties. However, due to the differences in the relative strength of their acid and base components, zwitterionic materials may not be charge neutral in aqueous environments. Thus, their charge on surfaces should be further adjusted for a specific pH environment, e.g. physiological pH typical in biomedical applications.Surface zeta potential for thin polymeric films composed of polysulfobetaine methacrylate (pSBMA) brushes is controlled through copolymerizing zwitterionic SBMA and cationic methacryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (METAC) via surface-initiated atom transfer polymerization. Surface properties including zeta potential, roughness, free energy and thickness are measured and the antifouling performance of these surfaces is assessed.The zeta potential of pSBMA brushes is −40 mV across a broad pH range. By adding 2% METAC, the zeta potential of pSBMA can be tuned to zero at physiological pH while minimally affecting other physicochemical properties including dry brush thickness, surface free energy and surface roughness. Surfaces with zero and negative zeta potential best resist fouling by bovine serum albumin, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Surfaces with zero zeta potential also reduce fouling by lysozyme more effectively than surfaces with negative and positive zeta potential.

Biography:

Bordia is a Professor and Chair of the Materials Science and Engineering Department at Clemson University in Clemson, SC, USA He received his Ph.D. (1986) from Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. His research is at the intersection of materials and mechanics and is focused on fundamental and applied studies in the processing and properties of complex material systems for energy, environmental and medical applications. He has authored or co-authored over 125 peer-reviewed technical publications, over 120 technical reports and has presented over 250 invited lectures and seminars. His many awards include election as the Fellow of the American Ceramic Society.

Abstract:

Our current research is focused on developing processing strategies to control the microstructure of ceramics at different length scales. Although the projects are diverse, they all share common features including integration of mechanics in processing and coupled theory, simulations and experimental investigations. In this presentation, two examples will be highlighted. The first project is focused on microstructural control in hierarchical and/or anisotropic porous ceramics. Porous ceramics are used in a broad range of technologies including electrochemical applications like electrodes for SOFCs and batteries. For these applications, the properties of interest are mechanical, thermal, electrical and ionic conductivity, gas diffusion and chemical reactivity. Results will be presented on the processing approaches to make designed microstructures, the quantification of the 3D microstructure and meso-scale simulations of the mechanical and transport properties. The second project is focused on constrained sintering of multilayered ceramics. Due to the differential densification rates of the layers stresses are generated during sintering, which biases the microstructural evolution and have the potential to cause serious defects like cracks. Experimental, analytical and numerical results will be presented on the crack growth in constrained sintering systems including factors that control this and strategies to mitigate the problem. The research is supported by NSF and the Saint-Gobain Company.

Biography:

Masumi Saka received his Bachelor of Engineering degree in 1977 and his Doctor of Engineering degree in Mechanical Engineering in 1982, both from Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan. He became a Professor at Tohoku University in 1993. His research interests lie in the evaluation of material systems and the fabrication of metallic micro- and nano-materials. He is Editor of a book entitled “Metallic Micro and Nano Materials”.

Abstract:

Characteristic phenomena of atomic migration in metallic thin-film materials affected by passivation are discussed. Two types of migration are treated. One is electromigration (EM) which is atomic diffusion owing to electron flow in high density, and another is stress migration (SM) where atoms are moved by gradient of hydrostatic stress. First as the basis, accumulation and depletion of atoms caused by EM at the interface of dissimilar metals in a straight thin-film line without passivation are reviewed. Then atomic density distribution formed by EM in a straight line with passivation is explained, and appearance of threshold current density for EM damages of hillocks and voids caused by the distribution is shown. The above discussion is also extended to a corner part composed of dissimilar metals in comparison of both cases without or with passivation. In addition to the above subject concerning EM damages, utilization of EM for fabricating micro wires or hillocks is explained. In the fabrication of micro materials, a hole is introduced in the passivation and atoms moved by EM are discharged through the hole to form a micro material. Furthermore, regarding fabrication of micro and nano materials, SM with passivation which is artificial or oxide film is finally discussed. In summary, it is stated that passivation is a key factor for controlling migration phenomena.

Biography:

Zong-yi Ma (Z.Y. Ma) has completed his PhD from City University of Hong Kong and postdoctoral studies from Missouri University of Science and Technology. He is a professor and the group leader in Metal Institute of Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He has published 285 peer-reviewed journal papers, with a total of over 7000 citations. He has written several highly-cited review papers, including "Friction stir welding and processing" in Materials Science and Engineering – Reports (2005, 50: 1-78). He has been serving as editorial board members of several international journals such as Materials Science and Engineering A.

Abstract:

Metal matrix composites with nano-sized reinforcements exhibit better mechanical properties than those with micro-sized particles. However, it is a serious challenge to fabricate the nanocomposites because of the difficult in incorporating the nanoparticles into the metal matrixes. In this study, ex situ carbon nanotubes (CNTs) reinforced 2009Al (CNT/2009Al) and in situ Al₂O₃ and Al₃Ti particles reinforced pure Al(Al₂O₃+Al₃Ti)/Al) composites were fabricated by means of friction stir processing (FSP), a development based on friction stir welding. It was indicated that FSP could break up the CNT clusters and achieve uniform individual distribution of CNTs and induce in situ reaction between TiO₂ and Al, forming Al₂O₃ and Al₃Ti nanoparticles. The mechanisms responsible for the dispersion and damage of CNTs and the accelerated reaction between Ti and Al were analyzed in detail. It was indicated that although CNTs were cut short during FSP, the layer structure of CNTs was well retained. The formation mechanisms of Al₂O₃ and Al₃Ti during FSP were determined to be a deformation-assisted interfacial reaction and deformation-assisted solution-precipitation, respectively. The CNT/2009Al and (Al₂O₃+Al₃Ti)/Al composites exhibited a good combination of strength and ductility. This investigation provides a new route to fabricate high-property nanocomposites.

Biography:

Prof. S. Ananda MSc, Ph.D, has more than 30 years of teaching and research experience. Presently, he is working as a Professor in Department of Chemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore-570006, Karnataka, India. He has published about 140 research articles in reputed international journals in the area of Chemical Kinetics, Bio-physical Chemistry and Nano Chemistry. At present, he is working on the synthesis of nano materials by Solvothermal, hydrothermal, Electrochemical and biological, Sol-gel method. These materials are applicable in the field of Photocataysis, Electrical, Optical and Biological studies. His group is actively involved in the synthesis of nanocomposites of doped Zinc oxide, doped Zinc sulphide and polymers nano composites. He has reviewed many international research papers. He worked as a Research Associate in Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan. He has visited several countries like China, France, Japan and Singapore for paper presentation in conferences. He is principle Investigator and Co-investigator for many projects sponsored by UGC, DST-PURSE, UPE, CPEPA and IOE. He has guided 15 candidates for Ph.D degree and 04 candidates towards M.Phil degree. In the past, he worked as an Academic council member for University of Mysore, Mysore. He is Academic Council member, Chairman and member of Board of Education (BOE), Board of Studies (BOS) for University of Mysore and Governing Council Member for many colleges.

Abstract:

Different doped metal oxides and metal sulphides like Ru:ZnS, Nb₂O₅/ZnO, Se:ZnS, Co:ZnO, Mo:ZnO, In₂O₃/SnO/ZnO are synthesized by electrochemical, hydrothermal and Cr₂O₃ by biological method which offers precise particle size, crystallinity and reduced band gap. All the synthesized Nanomaterials were characterized by XRD, SEM-EDS, UV-Vis, EDAX, IR, DLS and impedance spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity for these nanocatalysts was evaluated by the degradation of textile dyes and textile industry effluents in aqueous solutions under UV and sunlight. Optimal catalyst loading, dye concentration, effect of temperature, pH and degradation by re-used samples were studied. The synthesized materials showed enhanced electrical, photo-voltaic and biological effect. A few synthesized nanocatalysts were used in the synthesis of organic compounds. The kinetics of photodegradation was studied with respect to measurement of COD. Anti-bacterial study was carried out by zone inhibition and fluorometric method. The polymer composites (PEO:Se/ZnS, PVA:Cr₂O₃, PVA:Mo/ZnO, PVA:Co/ZnO and PEO:Cd/ZnO etc.,) were prepared by casting method and its electrical, optical and viscosity properties were studied. The synthesized materials play an important role in waste treatment, photo-voltaic and biological applications.

Biography:

Prof.Dr.S.Selladurai has completed his PhD at the age of 29 years from Anna University and post doctoral studies from marie Curie University, France. He is the Additional Registrar of premier Anna University. He has published more than 85 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an guest editor in Ionics.

Abstract:

In order to overcome current energy deficit, alternative efficient energy production, storage and transportation is required. Batteries and capacitors are widely used to store electrical energy. Introduction of electrochemical capacitor (EC) or supercapacitors has revolutionized energy storage devices. EC’s are superior to batteries in terms of power density and conventional capacitors in terms of energy density. Owing to their fast charge-discharge capabilities, long cycle life, flexibility, safety, etc. they attract wide researchers. Specific capacitance of the capacitor can be substantially increased by using suitable nanomaterials as electrode material. Materials like metal oxides and conducting polymers are used as electrodes in EC’s that store electrical energy by faradaic redox process. On the other hand carbon based materials store electrical energy by forming double layer at the electrode-electrolyte interface. Generally, pseudocapacitance originating from redox process is much higher compared to electric double layer capacitance.

Transition metal oxides exhibit excellent capacitive performance. Especially, RuO₂ and IrO₂ shows ideal performance but their application is hindered by toxicity and cost effectiveness. Spinel oxides of cobalt like Co₃O₄, NiCo₂O₄, MnCo₂O₄, etc. are class of materials that possess high theoretical capacitance. Nickel cobaltites were prepared by combustion technique. Phase and structural details were obtained from X-ray diffraction studies. Functional groups attached to the compound were analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy. XPS technique was utilized to determine the oxidation state of constituent elements. Surface morphology of the prepared samples was examined using FESEM imaging technique. Capacitive property of the material was investigated by employing cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronopotentiometry (CP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies. Pseudocapacitive nature of the samples was revealed from the redox peaks observed in the CV curve. Large area under the CV curve depicts the increase in specific capacitance. CP curves also illustrate the pseudocapacitive behaviour of the samples. Impedance study indicates the low charge transfer resistance in the prepared material. Linear portion of the spectrum in the low frequency region demonstrates the low diffusion resistance offered by the electrode material owing to its porous morphology.

Biography:

Dr. Pillay's academic career spans more than 30 years. He is skilled in a wide range of instrumental techniques including Neutron Activation, XRF, PIXE, Gamma-ray Spectroscopy, ICP-MS, Atomic Absorption and UV-Vis Spectrophotometry. He is experienced in the area of analytical and environmental chemistry, and has supervised postgraduate students. He has lectured widely in these areas and in general chemistry, and is keen on promoting cross-disciplinary teaching and research. He has more than 130 peer-reviewed journal articles, and several conference presentations. He was Guest Editor and member of the Editorial Board of the International Journal of Environmental Studies between 2005 and 2009. He is presently member of the Editorial Boards of the Open Hydrology Journal and the Journal of Research and Environment. He has contributed to the proposal of the MSc program in the Chemistry Department at the PI.

Abstract:

Our group has developed a sensitive, semi-quantitative technique for evaluating the distribution of bulk metals in certain matrices (such as polymers, steels), and precisely locating points on the surface of materials for studying spatial distribution. This paper is an overview of the capabilities of laser ablation, which has evolved into an excellent tool for scanning the surface of rigid materials to determine surface homogeneity. It is equally useful for ‘drilling’ beneath the surface of a solid matrix to assess the composition of the substrate. The technique has been known to be suitable for semi-quantitative analysis of dense, compact samples, but recently we revealed that soft samples can also be studied by pre-treating them with liquid nitrogen. Samples subjected to this treatment (such as asphaltenes, waxes) tend to thaw, so analysis must be quick and accurate, within the ‘thaw’ time. The laser itself is attached to a high performance ICP-MS system. A 213-nm micro-beam is deployed to perform iterative surface scans at randomly selected points to determine compositional consistency. The technique is also capable of ablating depths up to 50 µm at selected intervals (usually 10 µm), and measuring characteristic intensities of elements of interest. These studies are mainly qualitative, in the absence of standardization. Suitable software is used to program the micro-beam to delve to specific depths in sample matrices, and the technique is subject to rigorous calibration and background correction. Minor perturbations in instrumental performance are adjusted by internal standards. Overall, the technique is of considerable use in materials analysis.

Biography:

Mingli Qin is Vice Director of Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Powder Metallurgy Technology and Particulate Materials and Professor of Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology at University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China. His primary research interest is synthesis of advanced powder, powder metallurgy technology with a special emphasis on powder injection molding. He published about 100 articles and 20 Chinese patents. He is a member of the editorial board of 《Powder Metallurgy Technology》 and a fellow of three technical societies.

Abstract:

Carbon hollow spheres have many unique properties, such as high surface-to-volume ratio, thermal insulation, high chemical stability and structural stability, and are applied in fields of catalyst supports, fuel cells, gas storage and separation, batteries and supercapacitors. Here, hydrothermal carbonization and emulsion template method were combined to facilely prepare carbon hollow spheres. About the formation mechanism in our synthesis, trioctylamine droplet in water played the role of soft template, and the hydrothermal carbonization took place on the surface of the droplet. The shapes of carbon hollow spheres were different with varying the amount of surfactant and reaction time. And bow-like hollow spheres, nut-like hollow spheres and smooth carbon hollow spheres could be obtained. The metal catalyst of hydrothermal carbonization could also result in the change of morphology of the product.

Biography:

Prof. Christina Scheu has a diploma degree in physics and did her doctorate 1996 at the Max-Planck-Institute for Metals Research in Stuttgart (Germany) in the field of material science. 2008 she was appointed as a full professor at the Ludwig-Maximilian-University (Munich, Germany). Since April 2014 she holds a joint position as an independent group leader at the Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH (MPIE) in Düsseldorf and as a full professor at the RWTH Aachen, Germany. She has more than 170 publication in journals and conference proceedings.

Abstract:

Different types of fuel cells exist which produce electricity in an environmentally friendly way. High-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) are based on hybrid materials where inorganic metal oxides and or carbon support materials are combined with a proton conducting polymer. The microstructure, the phase distribution and the occurring interfaces are key parameters which determine the performance. Due to the size of the individual grains and catalyst particles, high spatial resolution techniques are required to characterize the constituting materials in detail. In our work we analyze them in depth by different transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques, considering not only their atomic structure but also the elemental distribution and oxidation states of the individual atoms. The TEM measurements are also done on the polymer which is sensitive to electron beam bombardment. Investigations on polybenzimidazole (PBI)-based membranes containing inorganic fillers revealed that the nanoparticles are homogenously distributed and consist of amorphous silica [1]. A segregation of P or Cl to the particle – PBI interface was not detected. With the insights obtained by TEM we were able to explain the properties [1]. We also analyzed HT-PEMFCs containing tungsten oxide support materials after different operation times and modes including start-stop-cycles and identified different degradation phenomena and the corresponding microstructural changes [2].

[1] C. Heinzl et al. Journal of Membrane Science 478 (2015) 65.
[2] C. Heinzl et al. Journal Electrochemical Society 162 (2015) F280.
[3] C. Heinzl, T. Ossiander, S. Gleich, K. Hengge, M. Perchthaler and V. Hacker are gratefully acknowledged.

Biography:

Tianlong Liu has completed his PhD at 2008 from Chinese Agricultral University and postdoctoral studies from Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He is a associate professor of TIPC, CAS. He has published more than 30 papers in reputed journals.

Abstract:

Tumor microwave thermal therapy (MWTT) has attracted more attention owing to the minimal damage to body function, convenient manipulation and low complications. Recently, combinational therapy has been increasingly employed in the treatment of cancer. In this study, hollow polydopamine nanoparticles were developed as favorable biocompatible delivery nanoplatforms for chemotherapy and microwave thermal therapy. By loading polydopamine nanoparticles with ionic liquid, the functionalized polydopamine nanoparticles became chemotherapeutic drug nanocarriers for combinational therapy. The obvious antitumor efficacy of doxorubicin-loaded ionic liquid–polydopamine nanocomposites was demonstrated in in vitro and in vivo experiments for combined chemotherapy and microwave thermal therapy. Encouraging antitumor effect was observed when tumor bearing mice received ILs/PDA nanoparticles by intravenous injection and only single microwave irradiation. Moreover, the combination of chemotherapy with microwave thermal therapy applied to cancer therapy based on drug-loaded ionic liquid–polydopamine nanocomposites is a promising therapy for future cancer treatment in clinical applications. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity and acute toxicity study in vivo of PDA showed the excellent biocompatibility of ILs/PDA nanocomposites. In addition, the degradation of ILs/PDA nanocomposites in simulated body fluid illustrated the low potential hazard when they entered the blood. The emergence of PDA as a novel and feasible platform for cancer thermal therapy will promote the rapid development of microwave therapy in clinics.

Biography:

Prof. Iyer has been responsible for the initiation and development of North Carolina A&T State University’s, Greensboro, NC state of the art MBE laboratory and associated academic and research programs. She was also the Director of the Center of Excellence for Battlefield Capability Enhancements, with focus on developing technologies for environmentally stable flexible panel displays. Her current interests are in the MBE growth, characterization and devices of low dimensional semiconductor structures for optoelectronic device applications. She has published over 50 articles in refereed journals and proceedings.

Abstract:

Semiconductor nanowires (NWs) are currently creating a significant impact in the electronics and optoelectronic research fields due to their intrinsic one dimensional architecture along with a “nano” dimensional contact enabling greater flexibility in band-gap engineering and material design architecture, leading to novel and unique opto-electronic properties. Thus planar NWs represent a new paradigm with advanced nanoheterostructure configurations that is inconceivable in thin films, opening up opportunities for transformational improvements particularly in optoelectronic devices. NW applications in optoelectronics are still evolving. In particular, wavelengths in the telecommunication wavelength region of 1.3-1.55 µm, have been of great interest for potential use in optoelectronic devices for photonic integrated circuits as well as in single photon detection for optical quantum information applications. In this talk, growth of dense and vertical oriented ternary and quaternary III-V heterostructured nanowires of GaAsSb(N) on (111) Si by vapor-liquid-solid (VLS)/vapor-solid (VS) mechanisms via self-catalyzed molecular beam epitaxy will be presented. Band gap tuning up to 1.3 µm in GaAs/GaAsSb(N) has been realized in core-shell heterostructured nanowires by varying the Sb(N) content. All the NWs exhibit zinc blende structure. Our preliminary results using Raman and temperature dependence of PL spectroscopy along with the corresponding Schottky barrier heights indicated NW configuration to be a better template for efficient annihilation of the N induced point defects in dilute nitride NWs in comparison to its thin film counterpart. The improvements in the µ-photoluminescence characteristics due to the surface passivation by GaAlAs shell and chemical passivation and its impact on the noise characteristics of the PIN device will be presented.

Biography:

Professor Ramesh K. Agarwal is the William Palm Professor of Engineering at Washington University in St. Louis. From 1994 to 2001, he was the Sam Bloomfield Distinguished Professor and Executive Director of the National Institute for Aviation Research at Wichita State University in Kansas. From 1978 to 1994, he worked in various scientific and managerial positions at McDonnell Douglas Research Laboratories in St. Louis. He became the Program Director and McDonnell Douglas Fellow in 1990. Dr. Agarwal received Ph.D in Aeronautical Sciences from Stanford University in 1975, M.S. in Aeronautical Engineering from the University of Minnesota in 1969 and B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India in 1968. He is the author and coauthor of over 500 publications and serves on the editorial board of 20+ journals. He has given many plenary, keynote and invited lectures at various national and international conferences worldwide. He is a Fellow of AAAS, ASME, AIAA, IEEE, SAE and SME.

Abstract:

Low frequency noise has long been regarded as a form of noise pollution due to its high penetrating power. The reduction of low frequency noise from aircraft and automobile engines remains a challenge since the conventional acoustic liners are not able to absorb the low frequency noise radiation. Membrane-type acoustic metamaterials (MAMs) have demonstrated unusual capacity in controlling low-frequency sound transmission and reflection. The MAM is composed of a pre-stretched elastic membrane with attached rigid masses. In this keynote paper, the problems associated with low frequency noise will be discussed. The recent analytical/computational/experimental research on acoustic metamaterial membranes in controlling and attenuating the low frequency noise will be presented.

Biography:

Hyung Wook Park is an associate professor at the Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology. He was a senior researcher in KIMM. He received his PhD from Georgia Institute of Technology in 2008. Before joining Georgia Tech, he worked at Hyundai Motor Company. He has published more than 54 papers in reputed journals

Abstract:

The surface modification of materials by large pulsed electron beam (LPEB) processing is an emerging eco-friendly technique that can be applied to relatively large surface areas. In this study, a polyester-based woven carbon fiber (WCF)/ZnO nanorod hybrid composite was developed using a vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding process. LPEB processing was used to modify the surface of the carbon fiber (CF) composite prior to the growth of the ZnO nanorods. The effects of this electron beam treatment on WCFs were investigated by scanning electron microscopy as a function of ZnO nanorod growth. LPEB treatment resulted in a remarkable increase in the growth of ZnO nanorods. This increase, which resulted in an increase in the electrical resistance of the samples, was further investigated by X-ray diffraction analyses. LPEB-treated samples exhibited higher impact resistance due to strong interactions among the ZnO, CF, and polyester resin.

Biography:

Xianwei Meng received his Ph.D. in biomedical engineering from the Sichuan University in 2001. He became an assistant professor at the Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2001 and an associate professor in 2006. He holds 25 patents and has published over 100 journal articles. His research focuses on the synthesis and applications of nanomaterials.

Abstract:

As the development of technology, thermal therapy of tumors has been widely applied in clinical field. Especially that the microwave thermal therapy of tumors has attracted much interest recently due to the maneuverability, faster heat generation from microwave radiation, depth of penetration in tissues, less susceptibility to local heat tissues and perfect ability of killing tumor cells. While it is difficult to limit the microwave into tumor region without damaging normal tissues. The microwave heating dose cannot be controlled accurately during the microwave thermal therapy procedure. These greatly restrict the development of microwave thermal therapy technology. Based on the confinement efficiency, we package microwave susceptible unit into hollow micron or nano-sized structure, to enhance the microwave thermal conversion efficiency and resolve the difficult of targeted heating tumor region. Simultaneously, we combine CT imaging unit to realize CT imaging guided microwave thermal therapy, which can control the microwave heating dose accurately.

Biography:

Soubantika Palchoudhury is a Visiting Assistant Professor in Chemical Engineering at the University of Tennessee Chattanooga. Soubantika has completed her PhD from The University of Alabama (2012) and postdoctoral studies from Yale University, University of South Carolina, and The University of Alabama. She has published over 20 articles in journals like Nano Letters, Langmuir, and ChemComm and three book chapters. Her research on water-solube iron oxide nanoparticles has been highlighted in Nature. Soubantika has also reviewed for several high-impact journals. Her research interests lie in the synthesis of hybrid nanoparticles like Pt-iron oxide and CuZn2InS4 for biomedical and energy applications.

Abstract:

Iron oxide nanoparticles have attracted tremendous attention as potential candidates for enhancing the contrast in magnetic resonance imaging, targeted therapeutics, and remediation agents because they are inherently less toxic and magnetic. This talk will demonstrate an approach to sustainably use iron oxide nanoparticles as platforms for developing improved therapeutics and oil spill remediation agents. The synthesis of hybrid nanoparticles as multifunctional therapeutics will be presented in detail using Pt-iron oxide nanoparticles as the model system.1The talk will also describe the application of magnetic nanoparticles to develop engineered materials for treatment of BP oil spill samples.2The significance of material properties and material characterization of thesenew nanoparticles in exploring enhanced applications will be highlighted throughout the talk.

Biography:

Kenta Miura received his B.E. degree in communication engineering (1998), and his M.E. (2000) and Ph.D. (2003) degrees in electronic and communication engineering from Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan. He joined the Japan Science and Technology Agency as a researcher in 2003. He moved toGunma University, Kiryu, Japan as a Research Associate in 2004and became an Assistant Professor in 2007. Since 2010, he has been an Associate Professor of Gunma University. His current research interests are light-emitting materials produced using sputtering and their device applications.

Abstract:

Various works on silicon (Si)-based luminescent materials (such as Si nanocrystal (Si-nc)) utilizing the quantum confinement effect have been reported. A typical fabrication method of Si-ncs is co-sputtering of Si and SiO₂. Blue-, red-, white-, and near-infrared-light emissions were observed from such co-sputtered films. However, emission efficiencies of such Si-based luminescent materials remain low. In particular, extraction efficiencies seem to be very low because of the total reflections at their surfaces. Integrating periodic microstructures on light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is one way of achieving a high extraction efficiency. It was also reported that two-dimensional (2-D) periodic microstructures can effectively extract the light emitted from active layers of LEDs according to diffraction laws. This paper will demonstrate2-D periodic microstructures composed of Si-based luminescent thin films by using co-sputtering Si and SiO₂, simple double-interference exposure, and plasma etching. An enhanced photoluminescence peak around a wavelength of 800 nm observed from a luminescent periodic microstructure will be presented. Because Si-based materials have biocompatibility and the transmittance of a human body at the wavelength 800 nm, I believe that Si-based light-emitting devices for medical applications can be realized by utilizing our technologies. Details will be presented at the conference.

Biography:

Syed Nasimul Alam received his B.Tech. from Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India, in Metallurgical and Materials Engineering. He did his MS in photonics and electronic materials in Chemical and Nuclear Engineering Department at University of Massachusetts Lowell, USA. He did his PhD in the Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India in the field of mechanical alloying. He is currently an assistant professor at National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India. His major interests are nanomaterials and nanocomposites. He has published more than 20 papers in reputed journals and has published two books on MATLAB.

Abstract:

Graphene has outstanding mechanical properties and unique electrical and thermal properties which makes it an attractive filler and a good reinforcement for producing multifunctional ceramics for a wide range of applications. Here, alumina (Al₂O₃) based nanocomposites have been developed using exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP) as reinforcement. The xGnP were synthesized by subjecting a graphite intercalation compound (GIC) to a thermal shock. The Al₂O₃ and xGnP powders were mixed by milling them for a short period of time in order to ensure homogeneous distribution of xGnP in the Al₂O₃ matrix. Al₂O₃-0.2, 0.5, 0.8, 3 and 5 vol. % xGnP nanocomposites were developed by powder metallurgy route. Sintering was done conventional sintering process. The hardness, fracture toughness and tribological properties of the composites having different vol. % xGnP loading were investigated. Results show a significant improvement in the wear resistance of the Al₂O₃-xGnP composites having more than 0.8 vol. % xGnP loading. The improvement in mechanical properties is attributed to the uniform dispersion of xGnPs and toughening mechanism such as xGnP bridging, crack deflection and strong interaction between xGnP and Al₂O₃ at the interfaces. Results of the dry sliding wear tests of the composites with different vol. % xGnP loading suggest a significant improvement in the wear resistance of the composites upto the addition of 3 vol. % xGnP. The hardness of the composites also show a gradual increase upto the addition of 3 vol. % xGnP beyond which there is a deterioration in both the hardness and the wear properties.

Biography:

G.T. Chandrappa completed his M.Sc. and Ph.D degrees from University of Mysore. He worked as Post-doc with Prof. K. C. Patil, Bangalore, well known combustion scientist. He was then introduced to nanomaterials during his postdoctoral tenure with Prof. Jacques Livage at Universite Paris, France, and published a novel material V2O5 in a reputed journal Nature. He is the recipient of MRSI medal for the year 2015. He is in credit of two patents and 95 research publications in international/national journals. Eight Ph.D were awarded and six more are working under his guidance. His research has been supported financially by Indian Government granting several research projects.

Abstract:

Water splitting and photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants are promising reactions for solving fundamental energy and green issues. The search for suitable semiconductors as photocatalysts for the splitting of water into hydrogen gas using solar energy is one of the noble missions of material science. An optimal material would combine an ability to dissociate the water molecules, having a band gap that absorbs light in the visible range and to remain stable in contact with water. Among semiconductors, BiVO₄ and WO₃ have attracted considerable interest in recent years due to small band gap, stable physicochemical properties, resilience to photo-corrosion effects and significant incident photo-to current conversion efficiencies. m-BiVO₄ and WO₃ nanoparticles as photocatalysts for H₂ evolution, which works under UV-light irradiation, have been synthesized by a facile solution combustion synthesis method. The estimated band gap of BiVO₄ and WO₃ particles are ~2.52 eV and ~2.845 eV respectively. The yields of hydrogen generated are ~489 m mol ~457 μ mol per 2.5 h for BiVO₄ and WO₃ as photocatalysts of reactions under UV irradiation. The BiVO₄ and WO₃ powders show highly visible photocatalytic activity towards methylene blue degradation under sun light irradiation. The H₂ evolution and photocatalytic activity of BiVO₄ and WO₃ powders can be attributed to their physical properties such as nanosized particles and large surface area.

Biography:

Abd. Rashid bin Mohd Yusoff received his BA in Physics with Education from Universiti Putra Malaysia, his MSc. in Applied Physics from Universiti Malaya, and his PhD in Physics from Universidade Federal do Parana, Brazil. After graduation in 2011, he joined the faculty in the Department of Information Display at the Kyung Hee University as a post-doctoral fellow studying organic photovoltaic (OPV), organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), and quantum-dots light emitting diodes (QLEDs). In 2012, he was promoted as a Research Professor at Kyung Hee University and continues working on OPV and OLEDs as well as QLEDs. In 2012, he became the group leader responsible for the development of high efficiency OPV joint program between South Korea and Japan. In early 2015, he was selected as a Guest Professor at Ecole Polytechnique Federal de Lausanne, where he works closely with Professor Md. Khaja Nazeeruddin on perovskite solar cells. He has published more than 60 articles in these fields and being invited to various seminars and conferences. He also contributed 4 book chapters and edited 2 books on graphene under Wiley-VCH Verlag; i) Graphene-based Energy Devices and ii) Graphene Optoelectronic: Synthesis, Characterizations, Properties, and Applications. In addition, we is also one of the technical organizing committees for the 3rd Conference on New Advances in Condensed Matter Physics (NACMP 2016, February 28-March 1), Beijing, China. Furthermore, he was also an Editor-in-Chief of Theme Collection in Nanoscale (Graphene-based Energy Devices) (Royal Society of Chemistry). His research interests include electronic properties of organic semiconductor thin films, charge transport properties, device physics, organic and inorganic-based light emitting devices, organic photovoltaic and organic transistors.

Abstract:

Solution processed zirconium acetylacetonate (Zr(acac)) is succesfully employed as an electron extraction layer, replacing conventional titanium oxide, in planar CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells. As-prepared Zr(acac) film posseses high transparency, high conductivity, a smooth morphology, high wettability, compatibility with PbI2 DMF solution, and an energy level matching that of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite material. An average power conversion efficiency of about 11.93%, along with a high filling factor of 74.36%, an open circuit voltage of 1.03 V, and a short-circuit current density of 15.58 mA/cm2. The overall performance of the devices is slight better to that of cells using ruthenium acetylacetonate (Ru(acac)). The difference of solar cells with different electron extraction layers in charge recombination, charge transport and transfer and lifetime are further explored and demonstrate that Zr(acac) is a more effective and promising electron extraction layer. This work provides a simple, and cost effective route for the preparation of an effective hole extraction layer.

Biography:

Shrok Allami is a Scientific Researcher in Ministry of Science and Technology, Renewable Energy Directory, Department of Hydrogen and Biofuel. She has completed her PhD in 2007 from University of Technology, Iraq. She has published more than 22 papers in reputed journals, participated in more than 15 national and international conferences and their committees, and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of Iraqi scientific journals.

Abstract:

Photoanode of ZnO branched nanowires, BNW, doped with nitrogen was fabricated to be used in photochemical cell for hydrogen generation from water splitting process. ZnO BNW was first synthesized by hydrothermal method. Followed by two experimental groups, time controlled DC glow discharge plasma treatment, and time controlled DC magnetron plasma treatment to optimize nitrogen doping into nanowire structure. Via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results, nitrogen distribution into BNW and N atomic percentage were demonstrated. XPS studies confirm nitrogen distribution into ZnO BNW as N substitution at O sites of ZnO nanowires and as well-screened molecular nitrogen. The morphologies and structure of fabricated nanostructures were investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscope and XRD respectively. Photo anode performance exhibited from photo-electrochemical studies that demonstrated upon dark and illumination at various power densities. It was found that increasing N content into ZnO BNW lead to increase photocurrent on PEC.

Biography:

Davoud Dastan has completed his MSc at the age of 28 years from Savitribai Phule Pune University. He is a Ph.D. student at Savitribai Phule Pune University, India. He has published more than 17 papers in reputed journals and has participated more than 30 international conferences.

Abstract:

Nanoparticulates semiconductor oxides have played an essential role in photovoltaic devices such as field effect transistors (FET’s). Organic-inorganic nanocomposites are ideal candidates which have been used as gate dielectric materials since they exhibit high dielectric constant and are low cost and easy processing materials. Zirconia nanoparticles were incorporated into poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) and ammonium dichromate and cross-linked under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The solution of PVAad+ZrO₂ was spun onto flourine coated tin oxide (FTO) substrates and gold was thermally evaporated on the surface of the specimens. The obtained results demonstrated an improvement in the electrical performance of the devices when zirconia was embedded onto the polymer matrix and used as a gate dielectric. The electrical characteristics of the devices were investigated using semiconductor parameter analyzer. Current-voltage graphs showed a reduction in ideality factor after UV curing whereas the results of current-voltage curves demonstated a remarkable enhancement in the dielectric constant of the polymeric matrix. The capacitance remained constant as the frequency increased from mHz to MHz. The micrograph images aqcuired from field emission scanning electron microscopy illustated an increase in the surface roughness of the composite films owing to the compact structures of such composite films which were included dense of irregular spherical zirconia nanoparticles. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS analysis) of the devices delineated the presence of Zr, Cr, C, O, N, and Sn (due to FTO substrate). Overall, the EDS results illustrated the predominant incorporation of ZrO₂ into the polymer matrix.

Biography:

Avnika Singh Anand is M.Tech. Biotechnology gold medal awardee from SHAITS, U.P., India. Currently, she is pursing PhD. at Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), New Delhi, India. Our current research at Neurobiology Division, involves the studies to unravel the molecular basis of nanomaterial toxicity. I am also currently involved in the new field of Toxicoproteomics which integrates different interdisciplinary areas. Toxicoproteomics involves traditional toxicology and pathology, differential protein and gene expression analysis and systems biology. This field is uniquely positioned for better understanding of the diseases process, early diagnosis, timely intervention and promotes public health. Our lab is focused on development of a wide spectrum of promising nanoscale materials & novel drug targeting (nanotechnology based) strategies to control the protein modifications and subsequent control of disease process and progression.

Abstract:

Metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are commonly used nanomaterials. The nano-level size offer these metal oxides potential of novel properties ensuing not only in high end technologies but also in consumer oriented applications. Nanotechnology is latest endeavor, which has advanced tremendously in last few years, but it still lacks well laid guidelines and in-depth toxicological studies. How these metal oxide NPs and there ionic form will react in varying biological interface and long term effects are not well defined? In our research we have made an attempt to study the acute and chronic effects of the commonly used metal oxide nanoparticles, Al₂O₃ NPs and ZnO NPs in Drosophila melanogaster. The exposure dose includes 0.1- 1mM NPs in Drosophila diet and flies were exposed throughout their lifespan. Toxicological effects post exposure was evaluated on various parameters like: climbing ability, fecundity, lifespan, oxidative stress, apoptosis and incidence of aberrant phenotype in subsequent generations. Significant decline in climbing ability was observed in parent flies on seven days exposure to these NPs. Significant increase in reactive oxidative species and apoptotic cells was observed in larvae hemocytes via DCF-DA and TUNEL assay. Distinctive aberrant phenotypic changes like deformed segmented thorax, loss of wing, deformed body symmetry was observed in subsequent generation on ZnO NPs exposure. Chronic exposure of Al₂O₃ NPs resulted in flies with pigmented and segmented thorax and deformed legs. Our observations clearly depicted that these nanoparticles can cause detrimental effects to subsequent generations.

Biography:

Najmeh Bolandhemat has completed her M.Sc. in Condensed Matter from Shiraz University, Iran, and is in her last year of PhD in Materials Science in Department of Physics, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM). Prior to moving to Malaysia as a PhD student, she was a research assistant in Shiraz University, and Instructor of General Physics, Solid State Physics, Principle of Modern Physics, and Electromagnetism laboratory in Fars Science and Research branch University. Currently, she is a research assistant in Science faculty of UPM University.

Abstract:

Density functional calculations are performed to investigate the effects of magnetic ordering on the electronic structure and bonding properties of CdCr₂O₄ with non-magnetic Cd cations and magnetic Cr cations from a pyrochlore lattice. We calculated the electronic structures, magnetic properties, and chemical bonding properties of geometrically frustrated Spinel CdCr₂O₄ using density functional method combined with the spin-polarized density functional theory, and compared our results in both cubic and tetragonal structures. In order to optimize the crystal structures of spinel CdCr₂O₄, we used the plane-wave ultrasoft pseudopotential technique within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The exchange and correlation potential was described within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) based on exchange-correlation energy optimization to calculate the total energy, and the effect of magnetism were obtained and analyzed on the basis of total density of states (DOS), partial density of states (PDOS), and charge density distribution within paramagnetic, ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic orderings. Also, the electronic charge density distribution in the (1 1 0) crystallographic planes were obtained, for both cubic and tetragonal structures, to explain and compare the bonding properties of spinel CdCr₂O₄ in PM, FM, and AFM orderings.