Day 3 :
Keynote Forum
Dieter M Gruen
Dimerond Technologies, LLC, USA
Keynote: Hybrid conversion solar system (HYCSOS): Affordable solar electricity by doubling the power from sunshine
Biography:
Dieter M. Gruen received his Ph.D. in Chemical Physics from the University of Chicago. He has published over 400 peer reviewed papers and holds more than 60 US patents. Dr. Gruen began his scientific career as a member of the Manhattan Project team working at Oak Ridge Tennessee on the separation of Uranium isotopes. He has been the recipient of many honors and distinctions. His 25years of pioneering research in various aspects of nanocarbon physics and chemistry were highlighted by the award of the year 2000 Medal of the Materials Research Society for the discovery, synthesis and characterization of ultrananocrystalline diamond films (UNCD), a new and exceedingly useful form of nanocarbon.
Dr. Gruen was an Associate Director of the Materials Science Division at Argonne National Laboratory and is an Argonne Distinguished Fellow, Emeritus. Currently he occupies the position of President of Dimerond Technologies, LLC which is developing the Hybrid Conversion Solar System (HYCSOS) designed to generate affordable solar electricity by doubling the power from sunshine.
Abstract:
Solar electricity today is still too expensive by about a factor of two compared to electricity generated by using fossil or nuclear fuels. The Hybrid Conversion Solar System (HYCSOS) is being developed to make solar electricity competitive in the market place by converting sunlight to electricity much more efficiently than has ever been possible before. HYCSOS technology accomplishes this by combining photovoltaic (PV or direct) and thermal (indirect) conversion in a single facility with the combined power output of separate PV and thermal power plants. This approach would lower the cost of solar electricity by about a factor two by strongly reducing plant capital costs.
HYCSOS technology disposes a new generation of solar cells in thermal contact with the heat receiving elements of Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) plants. These special solar cells use wide band-gap aligned nanowire cores coated with graphene to operate efficiently at a temperature of 400 C where CSP plants convert heat to electricity. In this way, light is converted to electricity using both PV and thermal conversion simultaneously.
The special HYCSOS cells are designed in such a way as to incorporate and to take full advantage of two major recent advances in nanotechnology: the discovery of graphene for which the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded and certain astounding, recently explored properties of self-assembled nanowire arrays. The program to construct and test such cells is based on at least two highly favorable considerations: the existence of graphene/wide band-gap semiconductor diodes that show current rectification properties at temperatures as high as 900 C and recent experiments supported by quantum mechanical calculations showing that charge transfer at graphene/wide band-gap semiconductor junctions exceeds electron/hole recombination rates. Experiment and theory combine therefore strongly to encourage the further development of the HYCSOS concept.
- Track 1: Materials Science and Engineering
Chair
Wei Pan
Tsinghua University, China
Co-Chair
Rahul Basu
Sambhram Institute of Technology (SAIT), India
Session Introduction
Wei Pan
Tsinghua University, China
Title: Promising thermal barrier coating candidates for next generation gas turbine
Time : 11:00-11:20
Biography:
Wei Pan is a professor and director of the State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing at Tsinghua University, China. Pan has published more than 170 papers on the journals of Phys. Rev. Lett., Phys. Rew. B, Appl. Phys. Lett., Adv. Mater., Chem. Mater., J. Am. Ceram. Soc., Acta Mater. etc. Pan is a member of the standing-committee of the Chinese Ceramic Society and member of the editorial board of several international journals. He is also the Fellow of the School of Engineering at the University of Tokyo.
Abstract:
Increasing thermal efficiency and lower emissions require gas turbine designers to further increase the combustion temperature that leads to the high temperature components such as combustion chambers, blade and vanes surfaces face more rigorous conditions. Therefore, there is urgent demand to develop new ceramic coatings with even lower thermal conductivity, higher stability and durability than currently used thermal barrier coatings coating on the surface of high temperature alloy components. In this presentation, we introduce new class of refractory ceramics as candidate materials for thermal barrier coatings, including the structure design, the rule of introducing defects in the crystal structure to further decrease the thermal conductivity, and to increase the structure stability at high temperature; the idea for suppress of heat transfer at the high temperature by irradiation; the synthesis process and thermal properties. The mechanical properties at ambient and elevated temperature are also reported.
Pavel Podany
COMTES FHT a.s., Czech Republic
Title: Effect of heat treatment on precipitation behaviour of intermetallic phases in duplex steel
Time : 11:40-12:00
Biography:
Pavel Podany was born in 1979 in Pilsen – Czech Republic. He achieved master degree in Materials Science in 2004 on University of West Bohemia in Czech Republic (Europe) and achieved Ph.D. in same field on 2011. He works in COMTES FHT (private research company) from 2007. He is a head of Department of Materials Analysis and head of accredited testing laboratory. He is an author and co-author of more than 20 papers published on international conferences and scientific journals.
Abstract:
The precipitation of intermetallics at grain boundaries occurs when duplex stainless steel is exposed in some temperature ranges. For example, heat treatment between 500 – 1000 °C can cause the formation of a friable sigma phase in duplex stainless steel. The effects of the annealing temperature on the microstructure were investigated by means of dilatometric measurements, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and EBSD. The analyses describe the precipitation kinetics of sigma and other intermetallic phases in particular grade of duplex steel, which is necessary to know to avoid decreasing of corrosion resistance and mechanical properties which are strictly connected to presence of intermetallics in the microstructure.
Michal Burchis Schwartz
S.C Laromet S.A, Romania
Title: Failure of an Inconel 718 die used in production of hot copper direct extrusion
Time : 12:00-12:20
Biography:
Michal Schwartz has completed her BA with cum laude, in materials engineering specializing in electronic materials and metals at Ben Gurion University in Israel. In 2003 graduated her MSc in electrical engineering (Physical Electronics) in the University of Tel Aviv in Israel. This year 2015 she will complete her PhD in materials engineering in the field of metallurgy at the Politehnica University of Bucharest, Romania. From 1996 she filled roles in engineering and High level management in the filed of nanotechnology at Intel (IDC), Tower Semiconductor and Zoran Cooperation. Michal Schwartz invented patents in communication and media in the United States. Recently she has published several papers in reputed journals in the field of metallurgy, extrusion and special metals. Today she is a consultant and give guides to enterprises in the field of metallurgy (castings, extrusion & drawing), and management in Europe, including Trip Materials Inc, Switzerland and S.C Laromet S.A, Romania
Abstract:
Steel dies used in copper hot extrusion failed after several extrusion 2-5 tons - during the process of extrusion the die is subjected to high temperatures and stresses and the die failed mainly by plastic deformation. Industry considers new die materials, such as Inconel 718. In this research it was shown that during production using an Inconel 718 die one can extrude 8 times more material (approx. 40 tons). After the extrusion of 40 tons of copper small cracks and plastic deformation on die aperture are seen. The die was discarded and used to investigate die failure mechanisms. By using different investigation methods (optic and scanning electron microscopy, hardness and microhardness tests) microstructure changes were observed.
Nehal Ali Erfan Abdelwahab
East Carolina university, USA
Title: Characterization of magnetic glass ceramics derived from iron oxides bearing rolling mill scales wastes
Time : 13:45-14:00
Biography:
Ms.Nehal Abdelwahab has completed her Master degree at the age of 26 years from Minia University in Egypt. She spent two years working for her PhD in the national research center in Cairo and now she is completing her PhD study in East Carolina University.
Abstract:
The objective of the present investigation is to study the feasibility of conversion of steel rolling mill scales into soft and hard magnetic glass ceramics. Up to 5% of steel is lost with the scale during hot rolling operation. This waste contains 69-72% of iron in the form of oxides. However, its recycling is challenging due to the presence of up to 20% of oil and 10% of water. To synthesize soft magnetic glass ceramics (SMGC) and hard magnetic glass ceramics (HMGC), 65wt% and 37wt% respectively of rolling scales waste (RSW) were used. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) revealed two broad exothermic peaks in SMGC samples at 90ºC and 639ºC and, one peak at 516ºC for HMGC. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the major detectable peaks belong to Zn-ferrite (ZnFe2O4) and Hematite (Fe2O3) for SMGC. Alternatively, Ba-hexaferrite (BaFe12O19) and Fe2O3 are the detected phases in HMGC samples. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed crystallization of nanosize particles for SMGC (131-166 nm) and HMGC (24-34 nm) after heat treatment. Vibrating scanning magnetometer revealed an increase in saturation magnetization from 18emu/g for RSW to 66 emu/g for SMGC and 19emu/g for HMGC. Using rolling mill scales waste we were able to synthesize soft and hard magnetic glass ceramics with magnetic phase content of 72.2 wt%, exceeding the theoretical amount of 45 wt%.
Reza Rahemi
University of British Columbia, Canada
Title: A theoretical framework for predicting the temperature variation of the properties of metals established on a feasible electronic basis
Time : 14:00-14:15
Biography:
Reza Rahemi joined NOVE TECH in British Columbia in 2015 as a Consulting and Research Engineer. His research interests span theoretical and computational mechanics and physics of materials. He has been actively involved in many research projects at various institutions in Canada, supported by NSERC (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada) and has recently published a theoretical model as a basis to help understand the temperature dependence of material properties.
Abstract:
Material properties are affected by temperature. In metals, this variation may be realized as the change in their electronic structures and hence their electron work function. In this article, a simple model is proposed to correlate the work function of metals with temperature. This model, when applied to work function related properties (e.g. Mechanical properties), can explain and predict their variation with temperature. As a sample application, the established relationship is applied to determine the dependence of the Young’s modulus (E) of metals on temperature, which results in an expression for E (T). Another important application of this relationship is to predict the temperature dependence of positron yield from metal surfaces, which is also a property related to the work function. Critical temperatures at which the positron yield from metal surfaces are maxima, are also predicted based on this model. The consistency of the proposed models with experimental observations and the universality of these results have been verified. Portions of these results have been published in R. Rahemi and D.Y. Li, Scripta Materialia 99 (2015) 41–44.
Shishay Amare Gebremeskel
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India
Title: Effect of high impact loading on nanoclay reinforced polypropylene
Time : 14:15-14:30
Biography:
Shishay Amare Gebremeskel has completed his BSc degree in Mechanical Engineering in 2008 and his MTech degree in Manufacturing Engineering in 2010 at ages of 22 and 24 respectively. He has two years of teaching experience as Lecturer at Bahir-Dar University in Ethiopia. He is now a 2012 entry PhD research scholar at Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IITD) under the guidance of Prof. Naresh Bhatnagar in the Department of Mechanical Engineering. So far, he has published three international journal papers.
Abstract:
Except for a few attempts to show the high impact load effect, the difference in level of contribution of nanoclay on polymers at their quasi-static and dynamic mechanical behaviors is a lacuna in the available literature. Quasi-static and dynamic responses of a high impact copolymer polypropylene (PP) in its neat and nanoclay-filled forms are presented in this study. The study helped in percentage quantification of differences in nanoclay effect, imposed by the very nature of loadings. The PP-nanoclay nanocomposite (PP+5wt%nc) is prepared by melt compounding of 5wt% nanoclay (nc) with PP using twin screw extruder. Tensile specimens for UTM were prepared using injection molding machine. Dynamic loading specimens were made for Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) using an extruded sheet. The experiments were performed at strain rates of 10-2 s-1 and 2.2*104s-1 for quasi-static and dynamic loadings respectively. As a result, the contribution of 5wt% nanoclay on PP at quasi-static loading is shown to be 2.6%, 10.8% and 13% on Yield stress, Young’s modulus and toughness, respectively. However, significantly different results are observed after dynamic loading experiments. Intense improving contributions of 506% and 53% in impact modulus and impact toughness respectively are observed. While, minor reduction (3.5%) in plateau (Yield) stress is experienced in the case of dynamic impact loading.
Manorama Lakhe
savitribai Phule Pune University, India
Title: Low-temperature heat treatment (80°C) effect on the electrochemically synthesized CuInTe¬2 thin films for energy harvesting applications
Time : 14:30-14:45
Biography:
Lakhe M G is working as a PhD student under the guidance of Dr. N. B. Chaure in Department of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University since 2010. The title of her thesis is “Studies on ternary and quaternary semiconducting thin films and their solar cell applicationsâ€. Also she is working on heterojunction thin film solar cells consisting CuInTe2 and Cu2ZnSnS4 as an absorber layers and CdS as a emitter/buffer layer. For growth of both type of materials, low cost electrodeposition and chemical bath deposition techniques are used respectively. Conditions have been optimized for both superstrate and substrate configuration of solar cells. She has also published one paper in international journal of Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells and one has been submitted to Journal of Materials Chemistry and Physics and which is under review.
Abstract:
We have investigated the effect of low-temperature (80°C) heat treatment onto CuInTe2 (CIT) thin films prepared by one-step electrochemical synthesis technique. Aqueous precursor solution consisting ionic species of Cu, In and Te with pH 4.0 was used to optimize the deposition potential using cyclic voltammetry (CV). A conventional three-electrode geometry consisting working, reference and counter electrodes was used for the potentiostatic electro-deposition of CIT films onto CdS substrate. CdS layers were deposited onto fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) conducting substrates by chemical bath deposition technique. The structural, optical, morphological, compositional, and transport properties were studied with the aid of XRD, Raman, HR-TEM, UV-Visible, FESEM, EDAX and I-V and C-V measurements. As-deposited samples were amorphous in nature, however upon heat treatment at 80°C for 30 minutes, the highly crystalline CIT thin films with tetragonal crystal structure were revealed. The values of energy band gap of the film deposited at -0.7 and -0.8 V versus Ag/AgCl was estimated to be in the range 1.02 to 1.08 eV. Compact, uniform, void free and well adherent films were deposited at -0.7 and -0.8 V. As the samples were heat treated at 80oC for 30 minutes therefore not much visible change in the surface morphology was observed after heat treatment. In-rich films were electrodeposited for above potentials, however after heat treatment sample deposited at -0.8 V showed the stoichiometric composition. Non-ohmic, schottky diodes are formed with Au metal contact in all cases. The dark current in I-V measurement was found to be increased by twoorders of magnitude after heat treatment. This low-temperature heat treatmentis advantageous for the fabrication of low temperature CIT based solar cell devices onto flexible substrates.
Bingbing LI
Central Michigan University, USA
Title: Hybrid fibers with substantial filler contents through kinetically arrested phase separation of liquid jet
Biography:
Dr. Bingbing Li (PhD, Virginia Tech) is an Associate Professor of Chemistry at Central Michigan University and an affiliate faculty of the Indiana University Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine IUCRBM) at Indianapolis. Dr. Li did postdoctoral research in the Department of Polymer Science and Engineering at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst and later appointed as a research associate and a Research Assistant Professor at the IUCRBM. She has published more than 20 papers on well-reputed journals and served as a reviewer for NSF panels, Biomacromolecules, Chemical Communications, Langmuir, Macromolecular Bioscience, Soft Matter, the Journal of Chemical Physics, etc.
Abstract:
Polymeric materials of structural hierarchy and compositional heterogeneity have attracted wide interest for their potential applications as biomaterials, energy storage devices, and surface coatings. Electrospinning, a simple yet versatile technique, has great potential for developing such materials by controlling the electrospinning process under non-equilibrium conditions. In this study, poly(ï¥-caprolactone)(PCL)/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (1-propylmethacrylate)-heptaisobutyl substituted (m-iBuPOSS) hybrid fibers with interesting nanopapilla and wrinkled surface features were successfully electrospun from 10:0 to 5:5 by mass PCL/m-iBuPOSS solutions. It is worth mentioning that uniform POSS-filled fibers have been previously reported for only low loadings of POSS as traditional nanofillers. In contrast, this study reports, for the first time, hybrid fibers with substantial POSS loadings up to 50 wt%. The low-surface-energy m-iBuPOSS was used as an essential modulator for the phase separation of the liquid jet along the radial direction. The m-iBuPOSS surface segregation was coupled with rapid solvent evaporation that “froze†PCL chains in the outmost layer prior to drying of the inner phase, which eventually gave rise to a unique fiber architecture composed of a POSS-rich composite crust and a PCL-rich inner phase. When the POSS-rich crust was removed with hexane, the fiber architecture was clearly revealed through a combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). This study provides new insight into the effect of rapid solvent evaporation coupled with surface-directed phase separation in the liquid jet and its implications on designing novel heterogeneous materials.
Subhamita Chakraborty
Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, India
Title: Finite volume method for temperature distribution of steel strip in run out table
Biography:
Subhamita Chakraborty completed her Bachelor of technology in Information Technology in the year 2006. She completed her master degree in material science & Engineering from Bengal Engineering and Science University, Shibpur. At present she is pursuing her PhD in Metallurgy and Materials Engineering department from Bengal Engineering and Science University, Shibpur, India. She is awarded Senior Research Fellowship (SRF) from Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Government of India.
Abstract:
Under controlled cooling condition, low temperature transformed product of austenite draws much attention in manufacturing high strength steel in hot strip mill. In almost all hot strip rolling mills, controlled cooling after finish rolling of the steel strip takes place on cooling section. Emerging from last finish stand mill, the hot strip is subjected to spraying water by a number of headers placed at regular intervals along the length of the run out table (ROT). During the cooling process, the heat of strip surface is quickly transferred to spraying water/air and the heat of inner strip is conducted to the surface. Then, strip temperature is gradually decreased to the target coiling temperature. The reliable prediction of temperature profile is essential in order to accesses the evolution of microstructure at different location of steel strip. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the agreement between the calculated and the experimentally determined temperature profile. Finite Volume Method (FVM) is used to predict temperature distribution of the steel strip in Run–Out-Table (ROT) of the hot strip mill. FVM enforces conservation of mass, momentum and energy using the control volume concept leading to enhanced accuracy of the prediction. The cooling behavior of the strip in ROT is studied using the two-dimensional heat distribution equation. where T is temperature, k is thermal conductivity, Ï is density, cp is specific heat, t is time, x is the coordinate along the length and y is the coordinate along the strip thickness. For modelling purpose, the total length of ROT is divided into three different zones including inlet region, water jet cooling region and outlet region. At inlet and outlet region, the strip is cooled in air, while at jet cooling region strip is cooled by water jet. Heat transfer equation (1) is solved using finite volume method in cell centered approach. The temperature distribution of the small portion of the strip in ROT is simulated. The predicted temperature distribution profile of the strip in ROT is compared with experimentally determined temperature profile of the strip. Excellent agreement has been observed between predicted and experimental temperature profile.
Yaser Rihan
Atomic Energy Authority, Hot Lab. Center, Egypt
Title: Finite element analysis for optimal design of filament wound composite tubes
Biography:
Dr. Yaser Rihan is working in the Atomic Energy Authority, Hot lab at Egypt
Abstract:
Filament wound composite tubes can be used for making high-pressure storage tanks, rocket motor cases, and launch tubes, and for commercial applications, such as golf club shafts and fishing rods. A variety of fibers and resin can be used, depending on the cost and the level of performance needed. This paper presents the results of a mathematical modeling investigation into the behavior of the filament wound composite tubes subjected to various loading conditions. Filament wound tubes were modeled as multi layered orthotropic tubes and several analyses were performed on these tubes by using finite element method (FEM). Three types of fiber epoxy tubes with different wind angles, level of orthotropy and various ratios of the loading conditions were produced and tested for the behavior of filament wound composite tubes. The required data were obtained for the design of filament wound composite tubes under combined loading. The mathematical model used was validated using experimental data obtained from filament wound tube tests in previous studies.
Thi May Do
Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Korea
Title: Magnetite coated metallic foams as electro-Fenton catalysts for Methylene Blue degradation
Biography:
Thi May Do completed her MSc at the age of 26 years from Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) and Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Korea . She is currently a Phd candidate majored in Nanomaterials Science and Engineering at Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) and Korea Institute of Science and Technology. Her research deals with removal of organic pollutants from water using nanomaterials.
Abstract:
The possibility of prepared one-body catalyst was investigated for electro-Fenton reaction by coating magnetite nanoparticles powder on FeCrAl foams. Up to 10 wt% magnetite could be coated onto metal foams with strong enough adhesion. An electro-Fenton system with a magnetite nanoparticles washcoated FeCrAl foam as cathode and graphite as anode was successfully applied for the discoloration of methylene blue in aqueous solution for the first time. The effects of pH, applied voltage, supporting electrolyte, electrode inner space, and catalyst dosages were investigated and optimized. Using this cathode, methylene blue was removed with > 99.8% removal rate at 10 ppm after 60 min and with > 95.2% at 50 ppm after 120 min of reaction. Furthermore, those cathodes could be reused at least three times without performance degradation. Due to high degradation capability, simple recovery and high reusability, magnetite nanoparticles washcoated metal foams can be an effective cathode of electro-Fenton systems for the abatement of dyes in wastewater.
Elza Khutsishvili
Ferdinand Tavadze Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Georgia
Title: Peculiarities of absorption near the edge of the fundamental band of irradiated InAs-InP solid solutions
Biography:
Elza Khutsishvili has completed her PhD at the age of 31 years from Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University (TSU), Georgia. She is the scientist of Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials, Ferdinand Tavadze Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science and the Principal research worker of Institute of Materials Research of TSU. She has published more than 89 works in reputed journals.
Abstract:
There have been studied the dependence of the optical absorption coef¬ficient (k) vs photon energy (hν) in the long wavelength area of fundamental absorption edge for InP, InAs and InAs-InP solid solutions crystals before and after irradiation by electrons and fast neutrons. The investigations of optical properties in temperature range of (50-300) K and (1-50) mkm spectral area were carried out on infrared spectrophotometers. Radiation flow of fast neutrons was equal to 2•1018 neutron/cm2 and .electrons with 1MeV, 3 MeV, 50 MeV up to fluxes of 6•1017electron/cm2. Low temperature experiments were performed with application of liquid helium and nitrogen in the special cryostats for measurements of optical properties of experimental samples. Indicated phenomenon takes place at high and low temperatures as well at impurity different concentration and practically in all cases of irradiation by various energy electrons and fast neutrons. Earlier by different authors there have been shown, that noticeable phenomenon has quite common character in great number of ionic and typical semiconductor materials. We have developed the common mechanism of this phenomenon for un-irradiated semiconductors and implemented the quantitative calculations of distinctive parameter (E0), those are in a satisfactory agreement with experimental data. For the irradiated crystals picture get complicated and there takes place dependence: for un-irradiated and irradiated by electrons crystals, but for irradiation by huge flows of fast neutrons n≠1. Some processes are described when n=2. It has been shown, that in the case of InP, irradiated with electrons (Ф=1•1017el/cm2), the curve of optical absorption is shifted to lower energies. This is caused by appearance of the tails of density of states in forbidden band due to local fluctuations of ionized impurity (defect) concentration. Situation is more complicated in the case of InAs and for solid solutions with composition near to InAs when besides noticeable phenomenon there takes place Burstein effect caused by increase of electrons concentration as a result of radiation. We have shown, that in certain conditions it is possible the prevalence of Burstein effect. This causes the opposite effect: the shift of the optical absorption edge to higher energies. So in given solid solutions there take place two different opposite directed processes. By selection of solid solutions composition and doping impurity we obtained such InPxAs1-x, solid solution in which under radiation mutual compensation of optical absorption curves displacement occurs. Obtained result let create on the base of InPxAs1-x, solid solution radiation-resistant optical materials, which one of the basic characteristics- the long wavelength part of the fundamental optical absorption edge- does not change noticeably under hard irradiation.
Hassan SAMADI
National School of Applied Sciences, Morocco
Title: Homogenization of a fibred structure with a condition on the interface matrix-fibre
Biography:
Hassan Samadi received the Ph.D. degree in Applied Mathematics from the University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France, in 1996. Since 2001, he joined the National School of Applied Sciences of Tangier (ENSAT), Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Morocco, as a Professor-Researcher, where he is also a member of the Research Committee and a Permanent member of Technologies of Information and Communication research laboratory. Ex- Head of Systems of Information and Communication Department at ENSAT. He has taught many courses related to Applied Mathematics, Operational Research, and Tools facilitating decision making. He has supervised many thesis of Ph.D. and Master of Engineering students. He is the author and co-author of many technical papers published in international journals like: R.Acad.Sci.Paris, C.R.Math.Rep.Acad.Sci.Canada, International Journal of Engineering Science, Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences, Mathematik und PhysiK, ZAMP , Wireless Pers Commun, IJCA. His research interests include: Operational Research and Tools facilitating decision making, elecommunication Systems Modelling,Partial Differential Equations, Problems for linear and non-linear boundary, Homogenization and Reinforcement problems.
Abstract:
Abstracts in this work, One consider the homogenization of a non linear problem in a fibred structure medium with a condition on the interface matrix fibre depending on a parameter λ=λ (ε) who tends towards 0 or +∞. ε is the size of the basic cell intended to tend towards 0. This parameter can represent several physical situations; interfacial coefficient of conduction between fibre and matrix when one deals with a thermal problem, viscosity coefficient in a problem of joining to component not perfectly stuck,…etc
Rahul Basu
Sambhram Institute of Technology (SAIT), India
Title: Perturbation analysis of the solidification problem for a sphere in porous media
Time : 11:20-11:40
Biography:
Prof Rahul Basu obtained his Engineering degrees from California Institute of Technology and UCLA, Los Angeles in Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering. As a Scientist at Gas Turbine Research Establishment he has obtained several patents on joining processes for superalloys, ( the first in Gas Turbine Research Est, India) and has more than 40 refereed papers to his credit. He has also visited NCSU, RTP, NC USA on leave as a Teaching Fellow and took research courses in Heat transfer and cleared the PhD requirements. He was awarded a PhD by Eurotech on the basis of collected works before returning to India. After 30 years service to GTRE, he joined VTU as a Professor. This work is an outcome of his current research on exact solutions to coupled diffusion equations.
Abstract:
The moving boundary problem for solidification and melting is of interest to many fields. Carslaw and Jaeger claim only certain solutions known for certain geometries, and it is difficult to find exact solutions for general the case. The moving heat source melting is treated with various transformations together with a decoupling for the heat and mass transfer terms. Some of the earlier works on the interface boundary are by Mullins Sekerka, and Pedroso Domoto. The classic work of Mullins Sekerka dealt with a perturbation analysis of the moving phase interface. Very little published work has appeared on the overall stability of the solid liquid interface in relation to the diffusive field with imposed convective boundary conditions. The classic problem known as the Stefan problem, was formulated over 100 years ago, yet the convective and radiative boundary condition case remains unsolved. In this paper the coupled diffusive heat and mass transfer equations in porous media are solved for convective boundary condition, both by perturbation methods and exact methods. A stability criterion is derived for the moving interface in the convective case, with appropriate linearisations.
Jing Feng
Kunming University of Science and Technology, Republic of China
Title: High temperature phase transformation and the mechanism in YTaO4
Time : 12:20-12:40
Biography:
Dr. Jing Feng has completed his PhD in Materials Scienece at the age of 27 years from Kunming University of Science and Technolgy & Tsinghua University in China. He is a postdoc fellow and research associate in Harvard University at 2012- 2015. He is the director of Lab of advanced materials in designing and application of Kunming University of Science and Technolgy. He has published more than 100 papers in reputed journals and has been cited more than 1000 times
Abstract:
High temperature phase transformation and the mechanism in YTaO4 ceramics as potential thermal barrier coatings material is investigated by experiments and first principles calculation. High temperature in-situ XRD and Raman were indentified the phase transformation of yttrium tantalate. HRTEM showed the microstructure of phase transformation between monoclinic phase and tetragonal phase. The mechanism of phase transformation was discussed by the first principles canlualtion combined the Landau free energy expansion. Calculations of Gibbs free energies show that the phase transformation temperature at 1430 oC, close to the experimental value of 1426 +/- 7 oC. Landau free energy expansions demonstrate that the transition is second order and, based on the fitting to experimental and calculated lattice parameters, it is found that the transition is a proper rather than a pseudoproper type. Together these finding are consistent with the transition being ferroelastic.
Luca Masi
Granta Design, UK
Title: A visual method for systematic multi-objective material selection in engineering design
Time : 12:40-13:00
Biography:
Luca Masi is an Aerospace Engineer working at Granta Design as Development Manager. He has previously collaborated with the French Space Agency on software development for bio-inspired space trajectory optimization and on computational techniques for engineering decision-making at the Advanced Space Concepts Laboratory, University of Strathclyde (UK). He is author of chapters for AIAA and IEEE books and journals on these subjects. He also has R&D experience in spacecraft propulsion systems. Luca holds an MSc in Space Engineering with top grade and a BSc in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Pisa (Italy), and is completing a PhD in computational techniques for aerospace engineering applications.
Abstract:
This talk will present a visual method for material selection when conflicting objectives are present, e.g. minimizing mass or cost and maximizing performance. Based on Ashby's rational selection methodology, the CES Selector tool allows engineers and materials scientists to find performance indices, plot interactive material charts and quickly identify the Pareto Front in a bi-objective optimization problem or tackle multi-objective selection by plotting penalty functions. Composite materials created with the embedded Hybrid Synthesizer or your own experimental data can be added to the existing database and easily be compared to existing materials.
Reddappa H N
Bangalore Institute of Technology, India
Title: Mechanical properties and microstructural analysis of Al6061-red mud composites
Biography:
Dr. H N Reddappa has completed his PhD at the age of 41 years from Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum, Karnataka, India. He is working as Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangalore Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India. He has published more than 27 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of repute and guiding 3 Ph.D research scholars. He has attended 44 workshops/conferences both in India and Abroad also. He has visited countries like Malaysia & China for the presentation of his research papers in various International conferences. Presently he is working as coordinator for Students Project Program (SPP) of Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of Karnataka. Also guided more than 10 projects (B.E.) in different Engineering colleges where he has worked so far.
Abstract:
The mechanical properties and morphological analysis of Al6061-Red mud particulate composites was investigated. The compositions of the composite include a matrix of Al6061 and the red mud particles of 53-75 micron size as reinforcement ranging from 0% to 12% at an interval of 2%. Stir casting technique was used to fabricate Al6061-Red mud composites. Density measurement, estimation of percentage porosity, tensile properties, fracture toughness, hardness value, impact energy, percentage elongation and percentage reduction in area. Further, the microstructures and SEM examinations were investigated to characterize the composites produced. The result shows that a uniform dispersion of the red mud particles along the grain boundaries of the Al6061 alloy. The tensile strength and hardness values increases with the addition of Red mud particles, but there is a slight decrease in the impact energy values, values of percentage elongation and percentage reduction in area as the reinforcement increases. From these results of investigation, we concluded that the red mud, an industrial waste can be used to enhance the properties of Al6061 alloy for engineering applications.
Biography:
Alali Abdullah has an MSc degree in International Management from University of Liverpool, UK and a bachelor degree in Mechanical Engineering from King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Saudi Arabia. He is a senior mechanical specialist engineer with total of 12 years of experience in Oil and Gas industry.
Abstract:
The paper presents one an experience in utilizing thermal spray coating technology on top of weld build-up of CS pressure vessel eroded shell. The vessel is under lethal service and had severe erosion on some of its internal surface of the shell. According to ASME PCC-2 (Repair of Pressure Equipment and Piping), Article 2.11, PWHT is required after retention of nominal wall thickness through weld build-up. However, heat treatment of this vessel was infeasible due to stability analysis results that show instability of the column during heat treatment. Therefore, thermal spray coating was used as a substitute to PWHT.
- Track 2: Nanotechnology in Materials Science
Track 3: Energy Materials
Chair
Martin Ntwaeaborwa
University of the Free State, South Africa
Co-Chair
Jun DING
National University of Singapore, Singapore
Session Introduction
Martin Ntwaeaborwa
University of the Free State, South Africa
Title: Luminescent properties of powder and pulsed laser deposited thin film phosphors and their applications in lighting, phototherapy and solar cells
Time : 09:50-10:10
Biography:
Martin Ntwaeaborwa completed his PhD from the University of the Free State in 2006. He is the president of the South African Nanotechnology Initiative. He has published more than 150 papers in prestigious journals and has given numerous invited talks at local and international conference. He has received numerous awards including young investigator awards from the South African National Science and Technology Forum and American Vacuum Society in 2009 and 2010 respectively. He research interests are on surface science and luminescent nanomaterials in powder and thin films forms applied to displays, phototherapy and photovoltaics.
Abstract:
Phosphors are often used as powders, even though thin films offer higher resolution and better chemical stability. We have investigated structure, cathodoluminescent (CL) and photoluminescent (PL) properties of powders and thin films of several phosphors such as ZnO, CaS:Eu, SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+; SiO2:Ce3+,Tb3+ and ZnO. The thin films were ablation deposited onto Si (100) substrates using either conventional pulsed laser deposition (PLD) or pulsed reactive crossed beam laser ablation (PRCLA). Several deposition parameters were varied, including vacuum versus partial pressure of gas (O2 or Ar), type of laser pulse, and substrate temperature using excimer lasers. Both the CL and PL intensities were strongly dependent on the deposition conditions and post-deposition annealing. We demonstrated that the photoluminescent (PL) intensity from Ce3+ doped in an amorphous SiO2 matrix was increased by a factor of about ten when five nanometer (5 nm) diameter ZnO was added to the SiO2 matrix. This is unusual since the energy of Ce3+ PL emission (2.7 eV) is larger than that from PL emission from ZnO (2.3 eV). We demonstrated that the energy transfer probably took place by excited electrons moving from Znâ€O antiâ€bonding orbitals to similar orbitals on the Ce3+ with a subsequent radiative relaxation towards the ground state. We also demonstrated enhanced ultraviolet B emission for phototherapy lamp application from Gd3+ in calcium phosphate host. Mechanisms of energy transfer in different phosphors will be discussed. Finally, the use of ZnO nanoparticles to improve the power conversion efficiency of solution processed organic solar cells will be discussed.
Jun DING
National University of Singapore, Singapore
Title: Synthesis of Fe3O4 nanostructures and their applications
Time : 10:10-10:30
Biography:
Dr Jun DING obtained his Diplom Physics from University of Wuppertal in 1986, and PhD degree from Ruhr University Bochum, Germany in 1990. He has been working on magnetic and nanostructured materials for more than 25 years. He is currently working as Professor at Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore. He has published over 350 journal papers with a total citation > 9000 and H-Index = 52.
Abstract:
Magnetic nanostructures have been fabricated by wet-chemical routes, such as thermal decomposition and hydrothermal process. For magnetic nanoparticles, we have fabricated spherical Fe3O4 nanoparticles. We have also synhtesized Fe3O4 naorings and nanodiscs. Because of their vortex domain structure, magnetic nanorings and nanodiscs can be relatively well suspended with suitable surfactant, even if their sizes are much larger than the critical size for superparamagnetism. These nanorings and nanodiscs possess relatively large magnetic hysteresis loss, which could result in excellent performance for magnetic hyperthermia. We have performed in-vivo hyperthermia. The results have demonstrated that magnetic nanorings are promising hyperthermia agent for cancer treatment. Fe3O4 nanodiscs could be aligned under magnetic field. This has resulted in a great enhancement of magnetic hyperthermia performance. In addition, these magnetic nanoparticles have shown excellent results for MRI contrast enhancement. In this work, we have also fabricated Fe3O4 films with enhanced magnetization.
Kirk J Ziegler
University of Florida, USA
Title: Controlling electron recombination in nanowire-based DSSCs
Time : 11:05-11:25
Biography:
Kirk J Ziegler joined the Chemical Engineering Department at the University of Florida in 2005. His research group focuses on understanding the role of interfaces in one-dimensional nanostructures, such as single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and vertical arrays of nanowires. His work on SWCNTs has focused on understanding the effect of surfactant-nanotube interactions on dispersion and separation processes. His work on nanowire arrays has applications in energy-related devices, which requires high surface area to maximize energy generation or storage.
Abstract:
Electron recombination in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) results in significant electron loss and performance degradation. To our knowledge, the reduction of electron recombination via blocking layers in nanowire-based DSSCs has never been investigated. In this study, HfO2 or TiO2 blocking layers are deposited on nanowire surfaces via atomic layer deposition (ALD) to reduce electron recombination in nanowire-based DSSCs. The control cell consisting of ITO nanowires coated with a porous shell of TiO2 by TiCl4 treatment yields an efficiency of 2.82%. The efficiency increases dramatically to 5.38% upon the insertion of a 1.3 nm TiO2 compact layer between the nanowire surface and porous TiO2 shell. This efficiency enhancement implies that porous sol-gel coatings on nanowires (e.g., via TiCl4 treatment) result in significant electron recombination in nanowire-based DSSCs while compact coatings formed by ALD are more advantageous because of their ability to act as a blocking layer. While the insertion of a high band-gap compact layer of HfO2 between the interface of the conductive nanowire and TiO2 shell improves performance, a comparison of the cell performance between TiO2 and HfO2 compact layers indicates that charge collection is suppressed by the difference in energy states. Consequently, the use of high band-gap materials at the interface of conductive nanowires and TiO2 is not recommended.
Enrique C Samano
UNAM, Mexico
Title: Self-assembly of DNA with inorganic material
Time : 11:25-11:45
Biography:
Enrique C Samano earned his PhD degree in Physics from Stevens Institute of Technology in Hoboken, NJ. He is currently a Research Professor at Centro de Nanociencias y NanotecnologÃa at UNAM in Ensenada, BC, Mexico, working on thin film growth and surface science techniques. He has been a Visiting Scholar at University of Southern California and recently at Duke University in the DNA Nanotechnology Group. He works on the fabrication of nanostructures based on DNA with applications in electronics and plasmonics. He has published more than 30 papers in reputed journals and serving as symposiums organizer.
Abstract:
Artificial DNA nanostructures such as DNA origami have garnered significant interest as templates for sub-20 nm assembly of materials because their design allows for the incorporation of binding sites to assemble nanocomponents with 6 nm resolution. A novel method for producing complex metallic nanostructures of programmable design is presented. DNA origami templates, modified to have DNA binding sites with a uniquely coded sequence, were adsorbed onto silicon dioxide substrates. Gold nanoparticles functionalized with the complementary DNA sequence were then attached. These seed nanoparticles were later enlarged, and even fused, by electroless deposition of silver. Using this method, a variety of metallic structures, including rings, pairs of bars, and H shapes is fabricated. Preliminary results on plasmonic applications of the metallic nanostructures are presented as well.
Xuedong BAI
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Title: Atomistic mechanism of lithiation of nanomaterials as Li-ion battery anodes studied by in-situ TEM
Time : 11:45-12:05
Biography:
Xuedong Bai received his Ph. D degree in 1999 from Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and then joined Institute of Physics, CAS. He is a professor of physics. He ever spent two years as a postdoc in Georgia Institute of Technology, USA, and one year in National Institute for Materials Science, Japan. Dr. Bai’s research interest is focused on in-situ TEM technique and its applications on nano research. He has co-authored over 130 publications, and given over 20 invited talks in international conference. His papers have been cited more than 6000 times and H-factor is 41.
Abstract:
The weak van der Waals interaction between the MoS2 layers allows alkali ions to intercalate without a significant volume expansion, which enables MoS2 to be an alternative as an electrode material for high capacity lithium ion batteries. Research on the electrochemical lithiation mechanism of MoS2 has important significance, both in fundamental studies and practical applications. We recently studied the dynamic electrochemical lithiation process of MoS2 nanosheets by construction of an in-situ TEM electrochemical cell. It is found that MoS2 undergoes a trigonal prismatic (2H)-octahedral (1T) phase transition upon lithium intercalation. The in-situ characterization at atomic scale provides a great leap forward in the fundamental understanding of the lithium ion storage mechanism in MoS2. MoS2 by its nature is a semiconductor with trigonal (2H) structure, where the S atoms locate in the lattice position of a hexagonal close-packed structure. Planes of Mo atoms are sandwiched between two atomic layers of S, such that each Mo is coordinated to six S atoms in a trigonal prismatic geometry (2H). Another MoS2 polytype based on tetragonal symmetry is the octahedral phase (1T) with one MoS2 layer per repeat unit. A structural transformation of 2H-1T corresponds to the electronic structure change from semiconducting to metallic. In our work, a systematical study has been performed on the structural properties of MoS2 nanosheets during the lithiation process using an in-situ electrochemical TEM holder. The results demonstrate the existence of a phase transition of 2H-MoS2 to 1T-LiMoS2 and structural modulation in the 1T-LiMoS2 in the first lithiation process. The time-lapse migration of lithiation reaction boundary is shown in the figure below. Furthermore, utilizing the in-situ measurements, the electrochemical reaction in each stage has been studied, which can also be correlated with the ex-situ performance of MoS2 coin-type cells. After the phase transition of 2H-MoS2 to 1T-LiMoS2, there follows a conversion reaction during the lithiation of MoS2. So the structural mechanism corresponding to the electrochemical property of MoS2 during lithiation can be clearly understood. In this talk, our studies on the dynamic lithiation processes of SnO2 nanowires and silicon nanowires will be also included.
Sreenath Bolisetty
ETH, Switzerland
Title: Amyloid fibrils for functional nanomaterial applications
Time : 12:05-12:25
Biography:
Sreenath Bolisetty is currently working as Postdoctoral researcher at the ETH, Zurich, Switzerland. He received his PhD degree from the University of Bayreuth, Germany and Master thesis from the Max-Planck Institute for polymer research, Mainz, Germany. His current research is focused on protein self-assembly and their inorganic nanohybrids for the functional applications. He has published 40 papers in reputed journals and 2 patents.
Abstract:
Protein aggregation plays major role in many aspects ranging from food, material and health science. We will discuss the understanding of the association processes converting globular proteins into amyloid like protein fibrils and I will emphasize how these fibrils can act as a template to build functional hybrid nanomaterials. β-lactoglobulin, the major globular whey protein, aggregates at low pH and cause the formation of fibril-structures. These β-lactoglobulin fibrils act as build blocks to prepare hybrid inorganic nanomaterials through biomineralization process. These inorganic hybrid materials have extraordinary physical properties such as conductive, magnetic and optical properties, and can serve multiple tasks, ranging from optoelectronics, sensors to delivery vehicles in living cells.
As an example, we will discuss, how gold single crystals were produced by reducing an aqueous solution of chloroauric acid by β-lactoglobulin fibrils. Remarkably, these single crystalline gold crystals show auto fluorescence and conductivity of their layered films respond to the presence of water, opening the road to possible applications in water sensing and water responsive actuators. In another example, these fibrils act as building blocks to produce TiO2 hybrid nanowires from the Ti- precursors, blending these electron accepting TiO2 hybrid nanowires with the electron donor semiconductive polythiophenes allowed designing the active layer for heterojunction photovoltaic devices. Additionally, these fibrils can be used as nanoreactors for the synthesis of several metal nanoparticles (gold, silver, palladium and iron). Interestingly, these resulting hybrids also play a central role in the internalization of nanoparticles into living cells, with up to 3-fold-enhanced transport properties over pristine nanoparticles.
Seyed Babak Mahjour
Stevens Institute of Technology, USA
Title: Enhancement of 3D electrospun polycaprolactone/collagen constructs to facilitate the integration of nanofiber/cell mats in skin graft
Time : 12:25-12:45
Biography:
Babak has completed his M.D. (Doctor of Medicine) at the age of 26 years from Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran and received his M.E. (Master of Engineering) from Stevens Institute of Technology in 2012. He is Ph.D. Candidate in Biomedical Engineering department at Stevens Institute of Technology. His work has been published in 4 peer-reviewed journal articles, a book chapter, patent and numerous conference paper and posters.
Abstract:
Layer-by-layer electrospinning with the capability of producing fibers in the range of nanometers represents an optimistic method to produce versatile nanofibrous matrices to recapture the key characteristics of extracellular matrix of native tissues. In recognition of the limited cell infiltration into such electrospun nanofiber matrices, it becomes highly desirable to generate large interstitial space. In this regard, the aim of this study was to differentially modulate the spatial organization of nanofibers within the mats to achieve large interfiber distances for their efficiency in forming the integrated 3D skin-like constructs. Polycaprolactone (PCL)/collagen nanofibers were collected onto various grounded conductive surfaces to obtain the nanofiber mats composed of random, aligned and meshed fibers. The fiber diameter, morphology, and pore size were characterized by Micromasterâ„¢ inverted digital microscopes and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Rat fibroblasts or keratinocytes were seeded onto various electrospun fiber mats. Totally, 15 layers of cell-seeded nanofiber mats were assembled either with only fibroblasts or with mixture of both cells. Various tests performed including tensile test, histological analysis, methylene blue and immunofluorescence staining. Nanofiber mats with the spinning time range of 10 to 40 seconds were used. Result for spinning within the range of 20 and 25 seconds showed more reasonable mechanical strength. Due to the presence of large pore size, cell infiltration through the nanofiber mats was significantly improved and led to a better integration between layers. The meshed nanofiber mats show their advantages in promoting cell infiltration for better formation of 3D tissues.
Satyendra Prakash Pal
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, India
Title: Magnetic relaxation phenomena in Fe nanoparticles composited with activated carbon
Time : 12:45-13:05
Biography:
Satyendra Prakash Pal has completed his Ph D at the age of 27 years from Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India and currently is a postdoctoral research associate in Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, India. His research interst includes study of static and dynamic magnetic properties of artificially frustrated nanoparticle systems. Currently he is working on dissipation dynamics in nanomechanical oscillators.
Abstract:
Nanometer sized magnetic materials and their nanocomposites have unique properties with considerable applications in advanced technology, environmental control and biomedical applications [1, 2]. Magnetic spin-spin interactions in nanomagnetic materials play an important role in governing their magnetic behaviour. After dilution of these nanomagnetic materials with non-magnetic matrices, these spin-spin interactions weaken due to spatial separation between the magnetic entities. Here we have synthesized nanocomposite of Fe nanoparticles with activated carbon to alter the magnetic spin-spin interaction and hence study the dilution effect on the static and dynamic magnetic properties of the Fe nanoparticle system. We have synthesized Fe nanoparticles by employing a physical, top-down approach called electro explosion of wires [3]. In order to obtain the nanocomposite, 33% of Fe nanoparticles and 66% of activated carbon, by weight, were grind together in a mortar and pestle, hence denoted as (1:2) nanocomposite. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) image shows the spherical Fe nanoparticles dispersed in carbon matrix with 13.8 nm particle size, as obtained from particle size histogram. Temperature dependent magnetization measurement for the nanocomposite does not show any blocking temperature at all, right up to the room temperature. In a manner of saying this isolated form of nanoparticles was not leaky and hence did not lose their magnetization. Magnetic hysteresis curve, taken at 300K, shows small value of the coercivity and this small hysteresis indicate the presence of an energy barrier and inherent magnetization dynamics. Langevin function fitting of the hysteresis curve gives the particle size of 15.02nm, which is almost similar to value obtained from TEM analysis. Magnetic relaxation data for the nanocomposite has been taken at a temperature of 100K. Experimental data points were fitted with a combination of two exponentially decaying function. Fitting parameters are, M0=1.71emu/g, A1= 0.09, Ï„1= 688s, A2= 0.12, and Ï„2= 6535s. In conclusion, this nanocomposite system, which has particles size in the superparamagnetic limit, behaves like a dilute ensemble of superspins with large value of the magnetic anisotropic barrier.
Nasim Hadiashar
Santa Clara University, USA
Title: Studying the effects of functionalized multi-wall Carbon nanotubes on mechanical and thermal properties of Epoxy composites
Time : 13:50-14:05
Biography:
Nasim Hadiashar has completed her Master’s at Santa Clara University. She has been working on different collaboration research project with Thermo Fisher Scientific. Her projects mainly focused on mechanical and thermal properties of Nanocomposites with different applications.
Abstract:
The goal of this study is to distinguish the effect of functionalized Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) on thermal and mechanical properties of epoxy composites. The custom-made epoxy resin system is composed of two different kinds of resin one with low viscosity (EPON 828) and the other one with high viscosity (EPON 1001F). The reason why functionalization of MWCNTs has been used is because of poor dispersion and aggromolation structures of CNTs. In order to overcome these obstacles, functionalization is prosperous method to strengthen interfacial adhesion between epoxy resin and MWCNTs. The CNTs were functionalized with carboxyl and diamine groups by different weight ratio of 0.1wt%, 0.2wt%, 0.5wt% and 1wt% of nanotubes during the process of functionalization. The performance of introduced approach is demonstrated through using thermal and mechanical analysis with different weight ratio. The result has been shown a decent increasement on curing temperature and Tg. Based on our TGA results, both Amin and carboxyl nano-functionalized samples have shown reduction in the amount of activation energy compared to neat epoxy sample. So it means that adding functionalized CNTs would decrease thermal stabilities and increase degradation efficiencies. In addition, nanocomposites with low loading levels of CNTs have been shown the greatest improvement in Tensile strength and Young’s modulus properties. The improvement in thermal and mechanical properties by addition of functionalized MWCNTs would extend the engineering application of epoxy resin composites.
Mohammad Al-Mamun
Griffith University, Australia
Title: Hydrothermal synthesis of MoS2 nanostructured films as high performance counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells
Time : 14:05-14:20
Biography:
Mohammad Al-Mamun obtained his BS and MS degrees in Chemistry from Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Bangladesh. Currently, he is a PhD candidate in Griffith University under the Griffith School of Environment, Australia. His current research focused on the application of functional nanomaterials for energy conversion technologies, including DSSCs, OER, ORR and HER. He has published more than 10 papers in international peer-reviewed journals.
Abstract:
A semitransparent MoS2 film with surface exposed layered nanosheet structure were successfully grown onto fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) conducting substrates by a facile one-pot hydrothermal method. After calcination, the as prepared MoS2 nanosheet films were directly applied as counter electrode (CE) in iodide/triiodide redox mediator based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The hydrothermal reaction temperature and molar ratio of reaction precursors were realized to have significant impact on the overall properties of MoS2 films and thereby photovoltaic (PV) performance. The ultrathin MoS2 nanostructured film with surface exposed layered nanosheet structure can be obtained by hydrothermal treatment of the reaction solution including (NH4)6Mo7O24•4H2O and NH2CSNH2 with a molar ratio of 1:28 at 150 °C for 24 h followed by calcination at 400 °C under Ar atmosphere. The synthesized MoS2 films displayed the photoconversion efficiency (PCE) as high as 7.41%, which was ~4% higher than that obtained from Pt-based DSSCs (7.13%). The superior electrocatalytic properties reflected on the final PV performances could be due to high stability, good electrical conductivity, rich electrocatalytic active sites and good electrolyte transport property of the resulting MoS2 film. This study demonstrated the feasibility of developing low-cost and abundant metal chalcogenide electrocatalysts having high electrocatalytic activity to replace Pt-based electrocatalyst for DSSCs.
Davoud Dastan
Savitribai Phule Pune University, India
Title: The effect of preparation method on the properties of titanium dioxide nanoparticles used as a dielectric material
Time : 14:20-14:35
Biography:
Davoud Dastan has completed his MSc degree from University of Pune with a first class grade and is currently a PhD student at Savitribai Phule Pune University. He has published more than 10 papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
The properties of materials strongly depend on the preparation technique. Titania nanoparticles (NP’s) have been prepared using various surfactants such as Acetic Acid (AA), Oleic Acid (OA), Oley amine (OM), and a mixture of (OA+OM) by two different techniques, sol-gel and solvothermal methods. The solution was under vigorous stirring, and then the resultant suspension was transformed into a teflon-line autoclave and reacted at 180 oC for 24 hours in solvothermal method to obtain the mono-dispersed titania NP’s which was dried at room temperature. TiO2 powder was collected after several times centrifugation with ethanol. Titania NP’s were annealed at 550 and 950 oC for 18 and 24 hours respectively. The structural, optical, and morphological features of TiO2 NP’s were evaluated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, ultraviolet visible (UV-vis.) Photoluminescence spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Titania NP’s prepared using both methods showed anatase and rutile phases for samples annealed at 550 and 950 oC whereas as prepared samples exhibited amorphous nature in case of sol-gel route and illustrated a pure anatase phase in case of solvothermal technique. The results of XRD were further confirmed by Raman spectroscopy, TEM, and FESEM. The crystallite size was almost 8-15 nm and 250-300 nm, for as prepared and annealed at 550 and 950 oC samples grown by solvothermal and sol-gel routes respectively. UV-visible corroborates the energy band 3.26, 3.04 and 2.94 eV for as-prepared and sintered at 550 and 950 oC TiO2 NP’s.
Adrine Malek Khachatourian
KTH – Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden
Title: Y2O3:Eu3+ nanophosphors: Synthesis by microwave-assisted heating method and characterization
Time : 14:35-14:50
Biography:
Adrine Malek Khachatourian has completed her BSc degree in Material Science and Engineering in 2008 and her MSc degree in Materials Engineering-Ceramic in 2010 from Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST). She spent two years on her PhD at (IUST) and now she is completing her PhD study at the Department of Materials & Nano Physics, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden under the guidance of Prof. Muhammet S. Toprak. Her research interest focuses on synthesis and characterization of Rare-earth doped Yttrium oxide nanoparticles for fluorescent bioimaging via microwave method.
Abstract:
Rare earth doped Y2O3 based nanophosphors, especially Y2O3:Eu3+ compounds have recently received an increased research interest due to their potential applications in display devices, temperature sensing devices, solid state lasers, as well as bio labels, bioimaging probes and medical diagnostics. Here, we report on the fabrication of monodispersed spherical Y2O3:Eu3+ nanophosphors using microwave-assisted heating method. This method is a green, energy efficient, high yield and highly reproducible. The effect of different reaction parameters on morphological characterization, as well as the correlation between Eu3+ doping and calcination temperature on the structural and luminescence properties of Y2O3:Eu3+ nanoparticles are investigated in detail. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicates that the as prepared particles have Y(OH)CO3 composition, which converts to Y2O3:Eu3+ starting from 500 °C and become crystalline at higher temperatures. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs show that the particles are spherical, monodispersed and non-agglomerated. High resolution TEM reveals polycrystalline nature of the calcined particles. Furthermore, increasing Eu3+ concentration from 0 mol % to 13 mol % the overall size of particles increases from 61 ± 8 nm to 86 ± 9 nm. Photoluminescence (PL) analysis of Y2O3:Eu3+ particles indicates a strong red emission peak at 613 nm corresponding to 5D0–7F2 forced electric dipole transition of Eu3+ ions under UV excitation. The emission peak increases proportionally with Eu3+ concentration and the calcination temperature with no luminescence quenching phenomenon observed even for Y2O3:13%Eu3+. The red emission characteristics, the morphological properties as spherical shape, monodispersity and nonagglomeration, combined with being heavy-metal free render these particles as promising bio-labels and bio imaging probes.
Coffee Break 15:50-16:05 @ Foyer
15:50-17:50 : Poster Presentations @ Continental Ballroom 1-3
Dikshita Gupta
Jaypee University of Information Technology, India
Title: Effect of reaction temperature and silver concentration on morphology of palladium nanoparticles
Biography:
Dikshita Gupta has completed her M.Sc. in 2010 and M.Phil in 2012 in Physics from Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla (H.P.), India. She is presently persuing Ph.D in Physics and Materials Science from Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Dist. Solan (H.P.), India. Her main interests are chemical synthesis of nanomaterials and their application in chemical sensors.
Abstract:
In this work, we performed the controlled synthesis of palladium nanoparticles by a procedurally simple chemical reduction method-Polyol method at 80oC, 100oC, and 120oC. Pd2+ was reduced to Pd0 using ethylene glycol as reducing agent and the particle growth was controlled by using PVP (Polyvinylpyrrolidone) as capping agent. We used TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) to study the effect of temperature on size and shape of palladium nanoparticles. The average particle sizes were found to be 7.5 nm at 80oC, 9.5 nm at 100oC and 10.5 nm at 120oC. Palladium nanoparticles synthesized at 100oC have better size and shape uniformity. To check the effect of silver on the shape of palladium nanoparticles (prepared at 100oC), a colloidal solution of silver was prepared by the same polyol method at 50oC and was added to the solution where palladium reduction process is taking place. A crystallographic approach concerning the role of silver cations on the shape of palladium nanoparticles have been discussed. The evidence of the formation of bimetallic system is given by the position of absorption peak coming between absorption peak of palladium nanoparticles and colloidal silver in UV spectroscopic studies. The red shift in the UV absorption spectra of silver palladium system with the increase in content of silver ions was observed.
M. Arulmozhi
Anna University, India
Title: Solution based synthesis of ZnO nanostructures and its application in p-n Heterojunction diodes
Biography:
Dr. M.Arulmozhi received her doctorate in the field of chemical engineering from National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, India. She is currently associate professor at Anna University, BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli, India. She worked in the areas of Foam separation, waste water treatment, Bio process and control Engineering. Her current research interests include Nanomaterial Synthesis and Thin films. She received Young Scientist project fund under FAST TRACK Scheme for Young Scientist by SERB, DST (2012).She has published 9 papers in international/national journals. She presented more than 20 papers in international/national conferences. She was a plenary speaker in many technical programs conducted by various universities in India. She is a fellow of ISTE & IIChE.
Abstract:
ZnO nanostructures are of grand attention in electronic devices, due to their notable optoelectronic behavior. Colloidal synthesis was assisted to produce a variety of ZnO nanostructures. The ZnO nanostructures were studied with XRD, which showed the hexagonal wurtzite structure. FESEM images were helped to study the size and shape of the ZnO nanostructures. The synthesized nanostructures were varied in their size and shape, which was identified from FESEM images. UV-Visible absorption spectra have showed the Characteristic band edge absorption of ZnO. Further ZnO nanostructures/p-Si heterojunction diodes were fabricated using spray technique. We observed good rectifying behavior in the I-V characteristics of the fabricated p-n junction diode. The diode characteristics reveal that the fabricated p-n junction diode plays a suitable role in the field of nanoelectronics.
Padmaja Guggilla
Alabama A & M University, USA
Title: High efficiency organometal halide perovskite devices by spray and brush solution-processing methods
Time : 10:45-11:05
Biography:
Dr. Padmaja Guggilla is an Associate Professor at the Alabama A&M University, USA. Research Interests: Nanophotonics, Biophotonics, SERS, Nanolithography, Pyroelectric materials, Infrared Sensors, Condensed matter physics, Crystal Growth, Thin film and Thick film technology, Composite Films, Nanotechnology.
Abstract:
The recent emergence of efficient organic/inorganic lead halide perovskite compounds have the potential to transform photovoltaics technology, as they are easy to fabricate, have better stability, and possess superior power conversion efficiency. These are very promising in transforming the fields of dye-sensitized, organic, and thin film solar cells. In this research, a versatile solution-processing method called “spray+brush†(SB) has been adopted to achieve a power-conversion efficiency of 3.52% for photovoltaics by incorporating organometal halide perovskite absorbers. It has been observed that this method is more efficient and cost effective than the perovskite devices fabricated by spray (1.95%) and brush (1.17%) methods alone. The SB method of solution processing can be promising for various other organic coatings.
Ruckmani Kandasamy
Anna University (BIT Campus), India
Title: Evaluation of silver nanoparticles incorporated starch/gum based nano-film for food packaging
Biography:
Ruckmani has completed her PhD from Jadavpur University, Kolkata and postdoctoral studies from University of South Florida School of Medicine. She is the director of Centre for Excellence in Nanobio Translational Research (CENTRE). She has published more than 50 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as reviewer of reputed journals. She has received funds to the tune of Rs.800 lakhs from various funding agencies of India.
Abstract:
Plastic is easily available, inexpensive and the common packaging material used in food industry. The major obstacles associated with the usage of plastics are non-degradable, polluting soil and ultimately toxic to the environment. The main objective this work is to develop a biodegradable film based on tapioca starch and guar gum embedded with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The preparation process was done by electrospinning method and the final product was characterized with different physicochemical techniques. Green synthesis of AgNPs were successfully carried out using the fruit extract of Limonia acidissima, it act as both reducing and capping agent for stabilization of synthesized AgNPs. By optimizing, the effective preparation (in terms of size) of AgNPs were found at the 100 µl concentration of the extract with the constant volume of 1 mM AgNO3 solution and the resultant AgNPs were characterized using different methods such as UV-visible spectrophotometer, FTIR, TEM, EDAX analysis, Particle size and Zeta potential measurement techniques and zebra fish in vivo toxicity studies. Response surface methodology was performed to investigate the effect of process variables (TS, GG and GLY) on tensile strength (TS), transparency (TR), solubility (SOL) and thickness (THI) of the film. Electrospinning was performed at the optimized film forming solution and their morphology, chemical structure was observed with the TEM and FTIR respectively. The synthesised nano-film exhibited an effective antimicrobial activity against both gram positive and negative bacteria. Our studies concluded that the developed nano-film could be act as a potential non-toxic packing material in food industry.
Nathir Al-Rawashdeh
Jordan University of Science & Technology, Jordan
Title: A comprehensive characterization of self-assembled monolayers of aromatic selenol on Au(111): solvent effects, immersion time effects, and structure
Biography:
Nathir Al-Rawashdeh has completed his PhD at the age of 30 years from Georgetown University and postdoctoral studies from University of Cincinnati. He is a full professor of physical chemistry at Jordan University of Science & Technology-Jordan. He has published more than 40 papers in reputed journals and one book chapter. He has been serving as a refereed of several articles of repute.
Abstract:
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) formed by adsorption of 1,2-dibenzyldiselane (DBDSe) and 1,2-diphenyldiselane (DPDSe) on Au(111) substrates at room temperature (RT) and 345 K have been characterized using scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS), and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). Upon adsorption, the Se-Se bonds in DBDSe and DPDSe are cleaved on gold surface to form phenylmethaneselenolate (BSe) and benzeneselenolate (PSe) species, respectively. Although both the PSe and BSe species differ only in their molecular structure with an additional methyl group in BSe, the resulting films reveal noteworthy dissimilarities concerning their adlayer SAM structure and surface morphology. The molecular adlayer structure and orientation of PSe and BSe species were found to depend significantly on the immersion time (IT). For BSe SAMs, the IR data exhibited vibrational modes verifying the adsorption of BSe species on gold surface only for SAMs prepared for ITs longer than 1 h. Furthermore, acquiring STM-images showing individual BSe molecules or any type of order was only achievable for SAMs prepared for 24 h of IT at RT. With increasing the IT, the SAMs exhibited structural changes to a lower density of molecular packing structure. The spectroscopic data also confirmed this structural variation by suggesting upright orientation for PSe-SAMs prepared after short ITs and strongly inclined adsorption geometry for SAMs prepared after long ITs.
Nasim Hadiashar
Santa Clara University, USA
Title: Studying the effects of functionalized multi-wall carbon nanotubes on mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy composites
Biography:
Nasim Hadiashar has completed her Master’s at Santa Clara University. She has been working on different collaboration research project with Thermo Fisher Scientific. Her projects mainly focused on mechanical and thermal properties of nano-composites with different applications.
Abstract:
The goal of this study is to distinguish the effect of functionalized Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) on thermal and mechanical properties of epoxy composites. The custom-made epoxy resin system is composed of two different kinds of resin one with low viscosity (EPON 828) and the other one with high viscosity (EPON 1001F). The reason why functionalization of MWCNTs has been used is because of poor dispersion and agglomeration structures of CNTs. In order to overcome these obstacles, functionalization is prosperous method to strengthen interfacial adhesion between epoxy resin and MWCNTs. The CNTs were functionalized with carboxyl and diamine groups by different weight ratio of 0.1 wt%, 0.2 wt%, 0.5 wt% and 1 wt% of nanotubes during the process of functionalization. The performance of introduced approach is demonstrated through using thermal and mechanical analysis with different weight ratio. The result has been shown a decent increase on curing temperature and Tg. Based on our TGA results, both amin and carboxyl nano-functionalized samples have shown reduction in the amount of activation energy compared to neat epoxy sample. So it means that adding functionalized CNTs would decrease thermal stabilities and increase degradation efficiencies. In addition, nano-composites with low loading levels of CNTs have been shown the greatest improvement in Tensile strength and Young’s modulus properties. The improvement in thermal and mechanical properties by addition of functionalized MWCNTs would extend the engineering application of epoxy resin composites.
Sayan Bhattacharya
Presidency University, India
Title: Synthesis, characterization and pentavalent arsenic sorption capacity of Cerium Aluminium nanostructured mixed oxide
Biography:
Dr. Sayan Bhattacharya completed his B.Sc. (Hons.) in Zoology from University of Calcutta and completed M.Sc. and Ph.D. in Environmental Science from University of Calcutta. He completed 2 years of Post Doctoral Research in Dept. of Chemistry, Presidency University from September, 2012 to 2014. He has published 22 International peer reviewed Journal Papers, 10 Book Chapters, 40 International Conference proceedings and many National Conference proceedings. He received Young Researcher Award from Govt. of India International Conference and several best lecture and poster awards. He is in the reviewers’ committee of many International journals and in the editorial boards of International journals with high impact factors. He has over 8 years of teaching experiences in University of Calcutta, Visva Bharati University, Rabindra Bharati University, Vidyasagar University, Asutosh College, Bagabazar Women College and Muralidhar Girls' College. He is also a freelance photojournalist and have over 400 international publications in the leading magazines like Lonely Planet, Outlook Traveller, Asian Photography, Better Photography etc.
Abstract:
Arsenic is a metalloid of great environmental concern because of its highly toxic nature and colossal abundance. For the mitigation of arsenic contamination, several technologies such as oxidation–precipitation, coagulation, precipitation, membrane filtration, surface sorption and ion exchange have been applied for the treatment of the contaminated water. Among them, the surface sorption method has been accepted well for its simple operation procedure, low recurring cost, very high removal efficiency, and little by-products. The objective of the present study was the synthesis and characterization of nano-structured cerium aluminium mixed oxide and its arsenic(V) sorption behavior from the aqueous solution. Two solutions of ammonium ceric nitrate and aluminium chloride were mixed in 1:1 mole proportions and the material was prepared by the method of chemical precipitation. The material was characterized in Scanning Electron Microscope, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope, Transmission Electron Microscope, Atomic Force Microscope, X Ray Diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis and Raman Spectra analysis. Batch method was used for the As(V) sorption kinetics. The isotherm experiments were conducted separately at temperatures 288K, 303K, 318K at pH 7.0 (± 0.2) by batch sorption procedure. The oxide surface was rough and crystalline in nature. From the TEM analysis, it was found that the material was agglomeration of particles of 40–90 nm. The presence of nanoparticles in TEM image could indicate high surface to volume ratio of the material, which can be useful for adsorption purpose. In the study of kinetics of arsenic(V) sorption, the sorption percentage remained almost unchanged upto pH=9.0. After that a small decrease in sorption percentage was observed. The equilibrium data were analyzed by the Langmuir and the Freundlich isotherm models, which are usually used to describe the equilibrium sorption data. It was found that the Langmuir model was the best fit model for the sorption reaction. The Ce-Al binary oxide was very much effective in removing As(V) from water within wide range of pH. The monolayer sorption capacity of the binary oxide was quite comparable to the other As(V) adsorbents reported previously. Thus the present oxide could easily be utilized as a sorbent for arsenic removal from arsenic contaminated ground water.
- Track 6: Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering
Track 7: Materials Chemistry (Organic and Inorganic) and Sustainable Chemistry
Track 10: Emerging Areas of Materials Science and Nanotechnology
Chair
Ramesh K. Agarwal
Washington University, USA
Co-Chair
Nezar H Khdary
King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia
Session Introduction
Ramesh K. Agarwal
Washington University, USA
Title: Acoustic metamaterials membranes for low frequency sound attenuation
Time : 09:30-09:50
Biography:
Professor Ramesh K. Agarwal is the William Palm Professor of Engineering at Washington University in St. Louis. From 1994 to 2001, he was the Sam Bloomfield Distinguished Professor and Executive Director of the National Institute for Aviation Research at Wichita State University in Kansas. From 1978 to 1994, he worked in various scientific and managerial positions at McDonnell Douglas Research Laboratories in St. Louis. He became the Program Director and McDonnell Douglas Fellow in 1990. Dr. Agarwal received Ph.D in Aeronautical Sciences from Stanford University in 1975, M.S. in Aeronautical Engineering from the University of Minnesota in 1969 and B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India in 1968. He is the author and coauthor of over 500 publications and serves on the editorial board of 20+ journals. He has given many plenary, keynote and invited lectures at various national and international conferences worldwide. He is a Fellow of AAAS, ASME, AIAA, IEEE, SAE and SME.
Abstract:
Low frequency noise has long been regarded as a form of noise pollution due to its high penetrating power. The reduction of low frequency noise from aircraft and automobile engines remains a challenge since the conventional acoustic liners are not able to absorb the low frequency noise radiation. Membrane-type acoustic metamaterials (MAMs) have demonstrated unusual capacity in controlling low-frequency sound transmission and reflection. The MAM is composed of a pre-stretched elastic membrane with attached rigid masses. In this keynote paper, the problems associated with low frequency noise will be discussed. The recent analytical/computational/experimental research on acoustic metamaterial membranes in controlling and attenuating the low frequency noise will be presented
Nezar H Khdary
King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia
Title: Uniformly distributed copper nanoparticles supported on mesoporous silica for greenhouse gas capturing
Time : 09:50-10:10
Biography:
Nezar H. Khdary obtained his PhD from the University of Southampton, UK 2005. He is a member of Royal Society of chemistry (MRSC,CChem), American Chemical Society, The New York Academy of Sciences, Saudi Chemical Society and Saudi Computer Society,. In 2012 he nominated an assistant professor visitor at Northwestern University. Currently Dr. Khdary is associate professor at King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology) KACST, Saudi Arabia. His interest in nanoparticles synthesis, modification and applications, public health and computer graphic software.
Abstract:
We have successfully demonstrated that by changing the synthesizing conditions, MSNs, with different morphologies can be produced. Rod shape MSNs with very high surface area was obtained by carrying out the static condensation at ambient conditions. While Spherical shape MSNs was obtained when the static conditions was performed at 100°C. Loading copper metal in the rod shape MSNs using the chemical modification with PEDA produced very uniform and well distributed nanoparticles. The XRD indicated that the formation of crystalline copper nanoparticles. The rod shape MSNs showed higher CO2 adsorption properties than the spherical counterpart thanks to high surface area and accessibility of the pores. Loading the copper nanoparticles using DAE via physical interaction between the MSNs and DAE produced very poor distribution of non-uniform aggregates of the copper nanoparticles. Therefore, the CO2 adsorption was less than that obtained when PEDA was used. This demonstrates the pre-modification of silica surface with PEDA significantly enhanced the the molecular level during the synthesis and to the absence of the heat treatment during the reduction step. In addition the advantage of this method is the nanoparticles synthesis involves the complexation of Cu2+ ions with the ethylenediamine functional groups which minimizes the aggregation between the produced metal nanoparticles.
Lucie Himmlova
Charles University, Czech Republic
Title: The response of HMSC-bm, SaOS-2 and imunocompetent cells to calcium phosphate doped alginate coatings on titanium surfaces
Time : 10:25-10:45
Biography:
Lucie Himmlova has completed her PhD at the age of 32 years at the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague. Her specialization is the surface treatment of implants and dental biomechanics. She is a teacher and a research fellow at the School of Dentistry and she was a principal investigator of 6 projects. She has published more than 40 papers in international journals.
Abstract:
The release of calcium and phosphate ions into the interface around orthopedic and dental implants may improve the bone healing. Human mesenchymal stem cells derived from the bone marrow (HMSC-bm), imunocompetent (mononuclear) cells obtained from buffy coat and connective tissue cell lines SaOS-2 were used for testing of alginate hydrogel layers doped with hydroxyapatite (Ti/ALG/HAP) or beta-tricalcium phosphate (Ti/ALG/TCP) immobilized onto titanium (Ti) surfaces. The pristine Ti and alginate (ALG) served as control surfaces. Cytokine production was assessed by multiplex proteomic analysis RayBio Human Inflammation Array (RayBiotech, USA) after 3 and 7 days cultivation. Each cell type produced a different spectrum of cytokines. Mononuclear cells produced preferentially factors of nonspecific immunity (MIP, RANTES, MCP-1, IL-6 and IL-8) in doses higher than detected for the positive control of the RayBio array. The cytokine production declined in the order Ti/ALG/HAP --->Ti --->Ti/ALG/TCP ---> Ti/ALG. HMSC-bm produced mostly chemokines activating predominantly chemotaxis and activating monocytes, granulocytes and neutrophils, but in doses lower than mononuclear cells. SaOS-2 cells produced the broadest spectrum of cytokines but in low doses and with no significant difference between Ti/ALG/HAP and Ti/ALG/TCP surfaces. The immune response of mononuclear and stem cells showed differences between materials, whereas SaOS-2 cells weren’t sufficiently sensitive. Therefore, besides SaOS-2 cells, HMSC-bm and mononuclear cells should be also considered for in vitro evaluation of overall inflammatory response induced by presence of the implant.
Ferial M. Tera
National Institute of Standards, Egypt
Title: Synthesis and characterization of modified (PVA) membranes
Biography:
Ferial M. Tera is an Emeritus Professor at the Textile Metrology Department. She has achieved many grants and medals for her work. She has published more than 120 scientific papers. She is holding a patent for invention a Light Fastness Tester that measures fastness to light of any colored materials.
Abstract:
This work dealt with synthesis and characterization of modified polyvinyl membrane cross – linked on polyester fabric by using three different aldehyde solutions namely: formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and gluteraldyhyed. Scanning electron microscope and transition microscope were used to study the surface morphology of the produced membranes and to follow membrane structure changes due to changing cross-linking agents. The obtained results showed that optimum conditions of aldehyde cross-linking concentrations of the membranes are those prepared by using 10% formaldehyde with 1.5% gluteraldehyde. These conditions gave the prepared membranes excellent mechanical properties and also good results in the filtration of waste water containing high amounts of organic matter and some elements.
Ashutosh Naik
Biocon research Limited, India
Title: The effect of the type of HA on the degradation and mechanical properties of PLGA/HA composites
Biography:
Ashutosh Naik has completed his PhD from the University of Cambridge in 2013 in Materials Science, after his MRes in Nanomedicine at the University of Newcastle and a BTech In Bio-Technology from JNTU, Hyderabad. He is currently working as Principal scientist (R&D department) at Biocon, India’s largest biopharmaceutical company working on novel insulins. He has published papers in the Journal of Materials Science and Engineering C and the Indian Heart Journal and has peer reviewed articles for Journal of Materials Science and Engineering C and Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine
Abstract:
Phase pure HA was synthesised via a reaction between aqueous solutions of calcium hydroxide and orthophosphoric acid. The powder produced was either used as produced (uncalcined) or calcined in air or calcined in a humidified argon atmosphere. An in-vitro degradation study was carried out in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) to understand the importance of the effect of calcination of HA on the properties of PLGA/HA composites. The importance of the potentially competing effects of buffering effects of the calcium phosphate filler and particle-mediated water sorption on the degradation products of PLGA/HA composites was explored. The influence of type of HA on the mechanical properties of the composites was also investigated. The results obtained indicated that the degradation rate of the composite might be better understood if both the buffering effects and the rate of water sorption by the composites are considered.
Virginia Paredes
Universidad ECCI Bogotá, Colombia
Title: Assessment of biomimectic modification on a novel low elastic modulus Ti–Nb–Hf alloy for dental implants
Time : 11:25-11:45
Biography:
Virginia Paredes began studying Mechanical Engineering in Venezuela (1998), she was Project Manager (1998-2008). In 2008, she was awarded the “FUNDAYACUCHO†fellowship by Fundación Gran Mariscal de Ayacucho of Venezuela, and she completed her PhD in Biomedical Engineering (Biomaterials) from Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, Spain in 2012, (“Biofunctionalized metal surfaces for bone tissue regenerationâ€). In 2012 she joined the “Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering†(UPC) as researcher. In 2013 she has been working in Colombia development project related to biomimetic modified metal surface. She has participated in international congress and published several peer review journals index.
Abstract:
Currently, the material most commonly used as implants to bone regeneration, have elastic modulus between 220 GPa (CoCr) and 110 GPa (Ti), however the cortical bone has a elastic bone of 7-25 GPa1,2, then, there is a tendency to show a stress shielding effect.3–5 Therefore, low modulus alloy are nowadays desired, because the modulus required for implant must be more similar to that of bone, which will inhibit bone atrophy and induce good bone remodeling as stated above.2–4 Different authors say that Ti alloy containing elements no toxic as Nb, Zr, Ta, Mo, Hf, Fe, Sn, Zr improve mechanical properties, low elastic modulus, biocorrosion resistance, also they have biocompatible and have not allergic problems2–5 For this study a Ti alloy (TiHfNb) was used. Unlike other Ti alloys employed as implant materials it is Ni free, and therefore able to show good resistance and presents an elastic modulus of 74 GPa.6–12. Although the excellent qualities this material lacks bioactivity, in order to overcome this drawback were incorporated on the surfaces biological molecules (RGD, FHRRIKA, PHSRN and mixtures). These peptide sequences have previously shown to improve cell adhesion interactions13, 14. Finally, cells adhesion studies on modified surfaces were made for to evaluate the biomimetic modification.
Dmytro Kevorkov
Concordia University, Canada
Title: Mechanism of material removal in Ti-6Al-4V at the incubation and advanced water droplet erosion stages
Biography:
Dmytro Kevorkov has completed his first PhD in Inorganic Chemistry at the age of 25 years from Lviv State University (Ukraine) and second PhD in Materials Engineering at the age of 28 years from Technical University of Clausthal (Germany). He accomplished his postdoctoral studies from École Polytechnique de Montréal, UQAM University and McGill University (Canada). He is Research associate at Concordia University (Canada). He has published 59 papers in reputed journals. His main research interests are development and characterization of novel materials and metallurgy.
Abstract:
Water droplet erosion (WDE) is a special form of erosion produced by repetitive impingement of high velocity liquid droplets on a solid surface. The mechanism of the erosion process is complex by virtue of the many parameters involved including: impact velocity, impact angle, droplet size, droplet density, frequency of impacts and mechanical properties and condition of the target material. Water erosion damage is often experienced in steel and Ti-6Al-4V compressor blades used in the power generation industry. In this study, the WDE behaviour and the mechanism of material removal (damage) in Ti-6Al-4V during the incubation and advanced WDE stages were investigated. The WDE test was conducted in a rotating disc rig in accordance with ASTM G73 Standard practice for liquid impingement erosion testing. The influence of impact speed between 150 and 350m/s on the WDE behaviour was explored and the cumulative mass losses versus the exposure time/number of impingements graphs were reported. Based on the graphs, we observed that increasing the impact speed showed faster erosion initiation times and greater erosion rates (ERmax). For instance, initiation times of 340, 12 and 3 minutes and ERmax of 1.65x10-5, 68x10-5 and 412x10-5g/min were recorded for impact speeds of 200, 250 and 350m/s respectively. Moreover, on a log-log graph of ERmax versus impact speed, it was also observed that the ERmax was related to the impact speed with an exponent of 8. Furthermore, our SEM micrographs showed that during the incubation period, material damage was mainly limited to the generation of microcracks, isolated pits and shallow depressions. More so, we have concluded that the main causes were the high pressure exerted by the relative high speed between the droplets and the test specimen and the lateral jetting (radial out flow) of the liquid droplet generating local shaped-charge-like droplet impacts. These causes were also the primary reasons for fatigue induced spalling of significant material during the advanced stage. We also concluded that the most profound mode of material removal during this advanced stage was hydraulic penetration of the liquid into the initial pits thereby, forcing large chunks of material to be removed. However, fatigue cracks, sub-surface cracks, micro jetting and material folding were also typical features observed and reported.
Dongsheng Li
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, USA
Title: In situ investigations of particle-mediated crystal growth
Biography:
Dr. Dongsheng Li completed her PhD in 2005 from Penn State University, majoring in materials science and engineering. Her PhD research focused on nanomaterials synthesis and characterization. She spent three years at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory as a project scientist, developing methods with in situ TEM to investigate particle nucleation and growth, and particle mediated crystal growth. She is currently a staff scientist at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. She has published over 30 papers in respected journals and has been serving as a reviewer for journals such as Journal of Physics; Nanotechnology; and the Journal of the American Ceramic Society, etc.
Abstract:
Assembly of molecular clusters and nanoparticles in solution is now recognized as an important mechanism of crystal growth in many materials, yet the assembly process and attachment mechanisms are poorly understood. To achieve this understanding we are investigating nucleation and assembly of iron and titanium oxides using in situ and ex-situ TEM, and the forces that drive oriented attachment between nanocrystals and the factors that control them via AFM-based dynamic force spectroscopy (DFS). Our hypothesis is that attachment is due to reduction of surface energy and the driving forces that bring the particles together are a mix dipole-dipole interactions, van der Waals forces, and Coulombic interactions. Therefore they can be controlled via pH, ionic strength (IS), and ionic speciation. In-situ TEM shows that, in the iron oxide system, primary particles interact with one another through translational and rotational diffusion until a near-perfect lattice match is obtained either with true crystallographic alignment or across a twin plane. Oriented attachment then occurs through a sudden jump-to-contact. Analysis of the acceleration during attachment indicates it is driven by electrostatic attraction. Ex-situ TEM analysis shows that the TiO2 nanowire branching occurs through attachment of anatase nanoparticles to rutile wires on a specific crystallographic plane for which the anatase-to-rutile transformation leads to creation of a twin plane. Initial DFS measurements of the forces between (104) planes of CaCO3, (001) crystal basal planes of mica, and (001) planes of ZnO show that the forces have strong relationship to pH, IS, and crystal orientation.
Udai P. Singh
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India
Title: Structure, photophysical and adsorption Studies of Zn(II)/Co(II) 2D flexible metal organic frameworks constructed by anthracene based ligands with sulfonic acids
Biography:
Prof. Udai P. Singh completed his Ph.D from BHU in 1988. Currently he is professor chemistry department at IIT Roorkee and Dean Administration. He has supervised 16 Ph.D and published 174 papers in reputed journals. His research area is Bioinorganic chemistry / Supramolecular chemistry.
Abstract:
The prolific production of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) based on conformational flexible ligands has drawn the researchers towards the growth of novel crystalline frameworks with desired attributes. This feature of conformation mobility on coupling with coordination preferences of metal ions provides a means to generate dynamic porous MOFs which responds on external stimuli. To this end, we have constructed Zn(II)/ Co(II) MOFs using flexible ligands i.e., 9,10-bis(imidazole-1-ylmethyl)antracene/9,10-bis(1H-triazole-1-ylmethyl)antracene and different substituted sulfonic acids later these coordination polymer has been employed for the tailoring of isostructural two dimensional flexible metal organic framework. All MOFs were characterized by IR, SC-XRD analysis and the thermal stability of the frameworks was supported by TGA/DSC analysis. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the complexes are isostructural and show flexibility in the framework. The theoretical studies were also carried out by DFT energy calculation using B3LYP/LANL2DZ as a basis set. Furthermore, the photophysical properties of complexes in the solid state and adsorption studies are also investigated.
Jae Hong Park
Korea National NanoFab Center, Republic of Korea
Title: Reversible nano-lithography for commercial approaches
Biography:
Dr. Jae Hong Park has completed his Ph.D at the age of 33 years from Seoul National University and postdoctoral studies from Korea Institute of Science and Technology and Harvard Medical School, respectively. He is a senior researcher of National NanoFab Center in Korea. He has published more than 50 papers in reputed SCI journals and serving as an editorial board member of repute.
Abstract:
One of the two main processes of engineering nanostructures is the top down method, which is a direct engineering method for Si-type materials using photolithography or e-beam lithography. The other method is the bottom-up method, using nano-imprinting. However, these methods are very dependent on the equipment used, and have a high process cost. They are also relatively inefficient methods in terms of processing time and energy. Therefore, some researchers have studied the replication of nano-scale patterns via the soft lithographic concept, which is more efficient and requires a lower processing cost. In this study, accurate nanostructures with various aspect ratios are created on several types of materials. A silicon (Si) nanomold is preserved using the method described, and target nanostructures are replicated reversibly and unlimitedly to or from various hard and soft materials. The optimum method of transferring nanostructures on polymeric materials to metallic materials using electroplating technology was also described. Optimal replication and demolding processes for nanostructures with high aspect ratios, which proved the most difficult, were suggested by controlling the surface energy between the functional materials. Relevant numerical studies and analysis were also performed. Our results showed that it was possible to realize accurate nanostructures with high depth aspect ratios of up to 1:18 on lines with widths from 300–400 nm. In addition, we were able to expand the applicability of the nano structured mold by adopting various backing materials, including a rounded substrate. The application scope was extended further by transferring the nanostructures between different species of materials, including metallic materials as well as an identical species of material. In particular, the methodology suggested in this research provides the great possibility of creating nanostructures composed of various materials, such as soft polymer, hard polymer, and metal, as well as Si. Such nanostructures are required for a vast range of optical and display devices, photonic components, physical devices, energy devices including electrodes of secondary batteries, fuel cells, solar cells, and energy harvesters, biological devices including biochips, biomimetic or biosimilar structured devices, and mechanical devices including micro- or nano-scale sensors and actuators.
Fozia Rehman
University of Campinas, Brazil
Title: Synthesis, characterization and application of mesoporous silicas SBA-15 and its hybrid containing Glycidyl Methacrylate organo bridge for the controlled release of ibuprofen and mesalamine drugs in biological fluids
Time : 13:30-13:50
Biography:
Dr. Fozia Rehman completed her doctorate in 2014, in the field of Inorganic Chemistry from the Institute of chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil. She was awarded scholarship from “The world Academy of Sciencesâ€, Italy and National Council of Research and Development (CNPq), Brazil to pursue her PhD studies in Brazil. Currently Dr. Fozia is working on synthesis and modification of silica nanoparticles for the application in drug delivery, removal of heavy metal and organic pollutants from water. She also worked in collaboration on a joint research project of UNICAMP and UCL-School of Pharmacy. Dr. Fozia has presented her research work in various national/International conferences and she has published her work in reputed journals with high impact factors. She participated in International conference and Expo on materials Science and Engineering, Chicago-2012 and her work has been published in the proceedings of Materials Science and Engineering journal. Vol. 1, issue 3, Oct, 2012.
Abstract:
Mesoporous silica SBA-15 was synthesized and immobilized with bridged polysilsesquioxane monomers obtained by the reaction of 3-aminopropyltriethoxy silane with glycidyl methacrylate in 2:1 ratio. The synthesized mesoporous silica materials were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption, X-rays diffraction, thermogravimetry and scanning electron microscopy. The nuclear magnetic resonance in the solid state is in agreement with the sequence of carbon distributed in the attached organic chains, as expected for the organically functionalized mesoporous silica. After functionalization with organic bridges the BET surface area was reduced from 1311.80 to 494.2 m2 g-1 and pore volume reduced from 1.98 to 0.89 cm3 g-1, when compared to original precursor silica. The incorporation of organic groups onto the silica surface increased the drug loading capacity and also demonstrated controlled release of ibuprofen and mesalamine drug in biological fluids. To investigate the release rate and mechanism from the synthesized silicas, zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, Hixson-Crowell and Peppas and Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic models were applied. The results suggest that the organo-functionalized hybrid silica could be a simple, efficient, inexpensive and convenient host for the controlled release of drugs.
Hameed Ullah
Hazara University, Pakistan
Title: Synthesis and characterization of nanodiamonds-zinc oxide nanocomposites by ball milling technique
Time : 13:50-14:10
Biography:
Dr. Hameed Ullah completed his Ph. D from the University of Saarland, Germany under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Michael Veith. He has worked upon the synthesis of single source molecular precursors which have been used in MOCVD process for preparation of nano thin films. After completion of Ph. D, he has joined Hazara University, Pakistan, as Assistant Professor. He has published numerous articles in peer reviewed journals and presented his research work in various international conferences in different countries. He has many M. Phil and Ph. D students under supervision working upon the synthesis, characterization and applications of nanomaterials. He is serving as a reviewer of different international journals.
Abstract:
Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is one of the very important transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) for applications in optoelectronic devices, which work in the blue and UV regions [1]. The importance of ZnO as an optoelectronics material is due to its wide bandgap (3.37 eV) and larger binding energy (60 meV) [2]. However, to meet the demands of highly versatile ZnO nanomaterials for practical applications, various modifications in physico-chemical characteristics are required. The characteristics of ZnO could be effectively tuned by tuning the microstructure. One way for altering the properties is the synthesis of ZnO nanocomposite with various materials. Here we report upon the doping of ZnO with nanodiamonds (NDs) to effectively alter its optoelectronic properties. The doping is performed by ball milling technique. The effects of NDs contents upon the microstructure and subsequently, upon the characteristics of ZnO has been investigated in detail. The synthesis of the ND/ZnO nanocomposites are monitored by using different characterization techniques including IR spectroscopy, powder X-rays diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-rays spectroscopy (EDX). The optoelectronic characteristics are studied by using ultraviolet-visible (UVV) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. It has been found that the band gap decreases with increasing contents of NDs (Fig. 1). The red shift promises the use of ND/ZnO nanocomposite in solar cells, and photocatalysis system operating in the visible range of the sunlight spectrum.
P.K Shishodia
University of Delhi, India
Title: ZnO based dilute magnetic semiconductor thin films by Sol-Gel method
Biography:
Dr. P. K. Shishodia is an Associate Professor at the Zakir Husain Delhi College, University of Delhi (India). He obtained his Ph.D in Physics from University of Delhi in 1991. His major research interest includes the growth and characterization of semiconductor material thin films, nanomaterials, photovoltaics and dilute magnetic oxides. He was a Visiting Scientist in Toyohashi University of Technology, Japan during 2003-2004. He has published more than 35 research papers in the peer reviewed international journals and proceedings. He is also a Co-Editor of the book entitled "Zinc Oxide Materials and Devices" published in 2006 by Pentagon Press. He has also attended and organized various national and international conferences held in India and abroad.
Abstract:
Magnetism in transition metal (TM) doped ZnO thin films and bulk has been a continued interesting area for research because it has the possibility of being dilute magnetic semiconductor with a Curie temperature near or above room temperature. Studies of doping of ZnO with metals like Mn, Co, Ni, Fe, Cr etc. have an inherent problem whether observed ferromagnetism is an intrinsic property or it is the effect of clustering of the magnetic dopant. Some of recent theoretical and experimental works have predicted that ZnO doped with TM, can exhibit ferromagnetism at or above room temperature. In this work we have investigated structural, optical and magnetic behavior of Co doped ZnO thin films by varying the doping concentration from 0-10%. The films have been deposited on corning glass (7059) and Si (100) substrates using sol-gel spin coating method and annealed at 550° C in air. The films were found to possess c-axis orientation and exhibited polycrystalline hexagonal wurtzite structure. The grain size was estimated by the Debye-Scherrer’s and Williamson-Hall plots. The Raman spectra of thin films recorded at room temperature in backscattering mode showed the prominent peaks at 302 cm-1, 434 cm-1,490 cm-1, 520 cm-1 and 715 cm-1. For Co doped ZnO thin films, the intensity of the peaks at 490 cm-1 and 715 cm-1 corresponding to the spinel structure of ZnCo2O4 sharpen with the increase in Co concentration. Undoped ZnO thin film were transparent (>90%) in the visible region which further reduces with the Co doping. Optical bandgap of Co doped ZnO thin films has been estimated using tauc’s plot. M-H and M-T curves derived from vibrating sample magnetometer and physical property measurement system show ferromagnetism in Co doped ZnO thin films.
Reddappa H N
Bangalore Institute of Technology, India
Title: Optimization of process parameters for the Al6061-red mud particulate composites using Taguchi method
Biography:
Dr. H N Reddappa has completed his PhD at the age of 41 years from Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum, Karnataka, India. He is working as Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangalore Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India. He has published more than 27 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of repute and guiding 3 Ph.D research scholars. He has attended 44 workshops/conferences both in India and Abroad also. He has visited countries like Malaysia & China for the presentation of his research papers in various International conferences. Presently he is working as coordinator for Students Project Program (SPP) of Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of Karnataka. Also guided more than 10 projects (B.E.) in different Engineering colleges where he has worked so far.
Abstract:
The present investigation has been done to study the effect of different input process parameters on Al606-Red mud composites, namely particle size, wt. % of Red mud particles and stirring speed on the hardness, impact strength and tensile strength. Three parameter i.e. particle sizes of Red mud (50, 75 and 100 micron), wt. % of reinforcement (5%, 10% and 15%), stirring speed (100, 200, 300 rpm) was used to fabricate different samples of composites by using liquid metallurgy route (stir casting technique). Each parameter has three different levels. L9 orthogonal array table used to made different specimen. The effect of these input process parameters on the output response has been analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The contribution of each process parameters on the hardness, impact strength and tensile strength was analyzed by using ANOVA. The results have shown that the particle size of Red mud particles, the wt. % of Red mud and stirring speed have a significant effect on the hardness, impact strength and tensile strength.
Mehdi Montakhabrazlighi
Boğaziçi University, Turkey
Title: Integrated CALPHAD-neural network method for design of low density Ni-base superalloys
Biography:
Mehdi Montakhabrazlighi is PhD student of Mechanical Engineering at Boğaziçi University in Istanbul, Türkey.
Abstract:
The neural network (NN) method is applied to alloy development of single crystal Ni-base Superalloys with low density and high rupture resistance. A set of 1200 dataset which includes chemical composition of the alloys, applied stress and temperature as inputs and density and time to rupture as outputs is used for training and testing the network. The model capability is then improved by adding Gamma-Prime phase volume fraction data at desired temperatures which obtained from modeling by CALPHAD method. The model is first trained by 80% of the data and the 20% rest is used to test it. Comparing the predicted values and the experimental ones showed that a well-trained network is capable of accurately predicting the density and time to rupture strength of the Ni-base superalloys. Modeling results is used to determine the effect of alloying elements, stress, temperature and gamma-prime phase volume fraction on rupture strength of the Ni-base superalloys. This approach is in line with the materials genome initiative and integrated computed materials engineering approaches promoted recently.
Yakubu Azeh
Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Nigeria
Title: The effect of pre-treatment solutions and time on acetylation of wood flour using vinegar
Biography:
Azeh Yakubu had his BSc Chemistry in 2000 at the University of Abuja. He obtained an MSc Degree in Chemistry with specialization in Organic Chemistry in 2011 at the University of Ilorin, Ilorin. Nigeria. He is presently a PhD candidate conducting researches on cellulose and nanocellulose modification, cellulose blends, composite and cellulose films/membrane, wood and lignocellulosic resources in the same university. He is currently teaching Organic Chemistry and conducting Researches on modification of lignocellulosic biomass using commercial vinegar at the Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria. He has published two books and more than 12 papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
Effect of pre-treatments and time on acetylation wood flour obtained from four different wood species grown in Nigeria using vinegar was investigated. Similar weight gains in acetyl were obtained despite varied pre-treatment procedure employed and acetylation of samples increased with increasing time of acetylation. This research work has shown that commercial house hold bleach could be used as substitute for NaOH for fiber pre-treatment and other solvents used for removal of wood extractives. FT-IR spectroscopy was very vital in providing evidence of the success of acetylation as it was used for characterization of important functionalities of acetylated products. Important absorptions in the acetate group were detected and these include; C─O, C=O, ─C─CH3─, and the reduction in ─OH absorptions also showed that some level of acetylation occurred. This work further opens door to new application of vinegar in wood industry for surface modification of wood and lignocellulosic fibers for various applications.
Gouri Sankhar Brahma
ICFAI Foundation for Higher Education, India
Title: Method validation using HPLC for the isolation, separation and quantification of some biologically active compounds
Biography:
Dr. Gouri Sankhar Brahma completed his Ph.D. in 2003 from Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. He is an Assistant Professor in Chemistry in Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science & Technology, The ICFAI Foundation for Higher Education (a deemed university located in Hyderabad, India). He has published more than 20 papers in reputed journals and was serving as a consulting Editor for the IUP Journal of Environmental Sciences for a period of 4 years (2008 to 2012)
Abstract:
Method validation for the identification, isolation, separation and purification of one typical class of biologically active purine based alkaloid viz. Caffeine was carried out using reverse phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography technique (HPLC) in the isocratic mode. Conventional solvent extraction technique involving differential and incremental solvation procedure by binary solvent mixtures was adopted to extract the total alkaloids present in the samples. Non polar protic constitutive solvent (ethylene glycol), Polar aprotic dissociative solvent (1,4-dioxane) in aqueous medium at a composition of 20% + 70% was used for extraction of purine alkaloids from the samples. Uv-visible spetrophotometry was used to ascertain the presence of the alkaloid in the samples. The operational parameters (Caffeine); C-18 column, CH3CN + MeOH + H2O at pH =8.8 (phosphate buffer), u =1ml/min, Pinlet= 130-140 bar,ï€ ï¬ = 273 nm (VWD), T = ambient at 27 oC,ï€ ï¨ï€ = 10-3 N sec m-2, D = 10-9 m2 sec-1, ï† = 1000, h = 3 and dP = 5 mm was found to be the optimal parametric combination for the effective analysis of this purine based alkaloid by HPLC. Recovery rate of caffeine from samples are estimated to be: 100%, 97%, 98.5%, 98%, 96% & 98.8% for Lamolate®, Coffee beans, Tea Leaves, soft drink -1 (Pepsi), soft drink -2 (Coke) & soft drink -3 (Thums up) respectively.
Bichitra Nandi Ganguly
Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, India
Title: Structural analysis of nano- metallic oxide particles with their surface conjugated systems and applications
Biography:
BICHITRA NANDI GANGULY has completed his PhD from Calcutta University (1986) and postdoctoral studies from Institute de Physique Nucleairé (French CNRS 1986-87). She is a Professor of Applied Nuclear Physics Division, of Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, a premier research organization (Govt of India, DAE). She has taught students and guided Ph.D. thesis, has published more than 60 papers in reputed journals has authorship articles in books and encyclopedia, served as editor of International journals.
Abstract:
Metallic oxide (MO) for example GaO(OH), ZnO nanoparticles(NPs) (grown in the template of large surface active molecules) are biologically useful, luminescent material. These can be used for multifunctional purposes, such as biosensor, bioimaging, and targeted drug delivery. Though, ZnO is categorized as: “generally recognized as safe†(GRAS) but ZnO nanoparticle system may be cytotoxic. ZnO nanosystem could be of important relevance in the context of nanomedicine, where targeted treatment of biological systems at molecular level is a necessity. Preparation of metal-oxide (MO) nano system (quantum dots) with their surface modification and bio-conjugation for selective destruction of tumor cells and their potential use for drug delivery applications is the cardinal issue of this presentation. The relevant literature studies suggest that there is an urgent need to develop new classes of anticancer agents and recent studies demonstrate that ZnO nanomaterials hold considerable promise. Similarly GaO(OH) is also another wide band gap semiconductor nano oxide, which could be tagged with radioactive Ga -68 in soluble form to be selectively applied to tumor cell uptake and used for diagnostic purpose using positron emission tomography (PET). In this context, sol-gel chemical method was used to develop the uniform size MO nanoparticles, agglomeration of the these particles to large sizes was prevented due to surface charge density of biologically relevant ligands used in the medium. The characteristic crystalline structure of wurtzite ZnO and orthorhombic GaO(OH) nano particles in the X-ray diffraction analysis has been confirmed. Also, the structural morphology and size determination through TEM, and the band gap analysis of the synthesized particles have been performed. For the detailed micro structural analysis and any surface conjugation related studies in the micro crystalline nanomaterials, (with respect to the ligand concentration), the material has been subjected to positron annihilation spectroscopic studies using coincidence Doppler broadening line shape studies with ‘S’ and ‘W’ parameter analysis. A two detector coincidence Doppler broadening(CDB) of positron annihilation radiation studies to probe the differences of highly pure as prepared MO nano material samples and the bio-templated sol-gel grown sample, considering their ratio curves of CDB annihilation radiation, has been undertaken. The results show important surface structural features (owing to elemental analysis) of the attached bio-ligands. The presence of MO nano-particles conjugated bio-ligands have been also identified with the characteristic stretching frequencies in FT- I.R. spectroscopic studies. Fluorescence emission characteristics of the NPs have also studied. Quenching of the fluorescence intensity of the GaO(OH)-NP through bio-conjugation exhibited Förster resonance energy transfer(FRET) mechanism. Further, in vitro studies of the cytotoxic effects of the surface conjugated nanoparticles are in progress.
Sampath Kumar M.C
B.M.S College of engineering, India
Title: Cleaner technologies through optimization of resources
Biography:
Dr. Sampath kumar M.C. is faculty at the civil engineering Department at B.M.S College of engineering Bangalore, India. He is involved in Teaching, research and environmental application activities. His area of interest is in the field of Remote sensing and GIS for natural resources conservation.
Abstract:
The Paper describes the studies conducted on application of cleaner technology practices and its impact on environment in three industries at different geographical locations. The industries under investigation were a Brewery, Pharmaceutical Industry and a chemical additive industry.The studies involved Industry specific issues such as cleaner technologies, substitution of process chemicals, use of alternate raw materials and process modification. The charecteristics under consideration varied from energy consumption,water balance,hazardous waste handling and ambient noise levels.The studies were supplemented with Estimation of carbon credits and economics.Studies were further facilitated by GIS tools involving GPS suveys,Geoinformatics to assess the impact on Ground water quality by sampling and charecterisation of 90 ground water samples around these industries spread on a vast geographical area.Based on these studies need based solutions have been arrived at to minimise environmental damage and strengthen Green initiatives which has brought a distinct change in the quality of work practices in these industries and community at large.
Paul A.P Mamza
Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria
Title: Comparative study of Phenol Formaldehyde and Urea Formaldehyde particleboards from wood waste for sustainable environment
Biography:
Paul Andrew MAMZA is an Associate Professor at the Ahmadu Bello University, Nigeria. He received his PhD in 2011 from University of Jos, Nigeria. He has attended many conferences and published articles in reputed journals. His research interest lies in polymer science and technology.
Abstract:
This research work was aimed at comparing the properties of particleboards produced from sawdust with phenol formaldehyde and urea formaldehyde resins. The particleboards were produced using varied quantities of particle size 2mm. 30ml each of the resins which was prepared under same conditions, compression temperature of 1800C, pressure of 10tons, and pressing time of 15 minutes. The properties of the particleboards were tested and compared. The results showed that the particleboards produced with phenol formaldehyde had better properties compared to that of urea formaldehyde. And the property of the particleboards is a function of the percentage composition of the binder (resin) and the filler (sawdust).
Edith Yohanna Ishidi
Nigerian Institute of Leather and Science Technology, Nigeria
Title: Physio – Mechanical characteristics of natural dyes and mordant on vegetable and chrome tanned leather
Biography:
Engr. Dr. Mrs. Edith Yohanna Ishidi is a Fellow of the Nigerian Society of Engineers. She has a first and Second Degree in Polymer Engineering ( Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo state) and P.hD in Fiber and Polymer Technology, ( Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria) Presently Working for the Nigeria Ministry of Science and Technology, under Nigerian Institute of Leather and Science Technology.
Abstract:
The increase cases of allergic reaction against synthetic dyes and the changing environmental condition has stirred up the urgent need for an environmentally safe dye for a replacement. In this present work, six different plants were used for the experiments: Mango (Mangnifera indica) Zobo (Hibiscus sabdariffa), Savanna mahogany (Khaya senegalensis), Red onion (Alluim cepa) Annatto (Bixa orellea).The extraction was done using different solvents such as Choroform,Acetone,Ethanol, Methanol and Water (Distilled).The crude extract was used to dye vegetable and chrome tanned leathers with plantain\ citrus peels as sources of mordant. Four different microbes were used to ascertain the microbial activities of leathers treated with the extract. The results showed that dyes from plant cannot replace synthetic dyes due to low percentage yield of the plants. It was also established that plant extracts did not affect the tensile strength of the finished leather. The use of plantain and citrus peels as a mordant for leather dyeing was established, except for citrus on vegetable tanned leather which showed burning effect
- 14:45-15:45: Symposium: Materials surface analysis by Luisa Amelia Dempere, University of Florida, USA
- Track 4: Mining and Metallurgy
Track 5: Surface Science and Engineering
Chair
Junhua Dong
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Session Introduction
Junhua Dong
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Title: Atmospheric corrosion monitoring and modeling of a low alloy steel under an electrolyte film in cyclic wet–dry condition
Time : 15:45-16:05
Biography:
Junhua Dong is a Research Professor at the Institute of Metal research, CAS China. He authored numerous publications in reputed journals.
Abstract:
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and film thickness measurements have been employed to study the atmospheric corrosion monitoring of steel under an electrolyte film containing Cl- and SO32- in wet–dry cycles simulating a coastal-industrial atmosphere. The results indicate that within each cycle, the solution resistance during drying process first decreases dominated by an increase in Cl- and SO32- concentrations and then increases dominated by the decrease in cross sectional area of the electrolyte film, the critical thickness for the minimum resistance is around 65ïm. The corrosion rate (Rp-1) keeps increase to a maximum around the thickness of 30ïm and then decreases until thinning out of the electrolyte. The increase in corrosion rate can be ascribed to an enhancement of oxygen diffusion with the thickness reducing, while the decrease is considered to be caused by the quick increase of the solution resistance. As corrosion process proceeds, the corrosion rate increases greatly and reaches a maximum. During subsequent corrosion stage, the corrosion rate decreases greatly and keeps at a low value due to the formation of a stable rust layer. For each wet-dry cycle, the mean corrosion rate is calculated by the mean values theorem of integrals. Moreover, the corrosion weight loss with increasing wet-dry cycles is calculated with the same theorem, Stern – Geary Equation and Faraday law. The modelling result based on EIS monitoring shows a good agreement with the simulated wet-dry corrosion test result.
Hisaki Watari
Tokyo Denki University, Japan
Title: Hot forging of high-Aluminum content Magnesium alloys by using a servo press
Time : 16:05-16:25
Biography:
Hisaki Watari has received his PhD in Mechanical System Engineering, from Gunma University, Japan in 2006. He has been researching into properties of magnesium alloy by rapid cooling by using twin roll casting in these fifteen years in Gunma University and Oyama National Colleague of Technology in Japan, in UMIST in the UK. He is now the chair of the Japan Association of Aluminum Forging Technology. He has published more than 130 papers in journals and conducting works relating metal forming of light metals, such as aluminum and magnesium alloys.
Abstract:
This paper deals with an innovative hot-forging process of high-tensile-strength magnesium alloy materials that contains relatively high aluminum contents. By applying a servo press machine, a novel hot-forging process was performed with development of high-strength magnesium alloys. Firstly, friction properties and isothermal deformation resistance during hot forming (350℃ and 400℃) of Mg-Al-Ca-Mn series magnesium alloy (AXM4303 alloy) were investigated by ring-compression tests. In ring-compression tests, friction coefficients between dies and magnesium alloys are obtained using graphite, PTFE, and an oil lubricant. A novel lubricant that could prevent sticking between dies and material was developed by hot-forging experiments.
Secondary, high-tensile-strength magnesium alloys containing 9 to 12% aluminum, such as AZ91, AZ101, AZ111, and AZ121 have been made by twin-roll casting. A new experiment was performed for hot forging of high-strength magnesium alloys with high aluminum content was performed. From the results, using magnesium alloys with high aluminum content yielded less compressive deformation resistance than AXM403. It was also demonstrated that hot forging of magnesium alloys with high aluminum content produces small magnesium crystals (about 6 micrometers) and crystallized substances. The effects of the dynamic recrystallization on the microstructures of products formed at two different temperatures (300℃ and 350℃) seem to differ. Forging at 350℃ improved mechanical properties and yielded the best formability.
Michal Duchek
COMTES FHT, Czech Republic
Title: The development of thermomechanical treatment of duplex steel
Time : 16:40-17:00
Biography:
Michal Duchek earned his Master's degree from the University of West Bohemia in Pilsen in 2006. Since that year, he has been a researcher in the department of metallurgical technology and heat treatment of the company COMTES FHT. He authored several research papers and utility designs.
Abstract:
The thermomechanical treatment of SAF 2507 duplex steel is sensitive to many influences especially temperature and cooling rate. The thermomechanical treatment of these steels during the forging is described in this article; in this case the process is focused on controlled precipitation of sigma phase. The forging technologies of two different semi-products were performed using numeric simulation. The cooling rate mainly influencing the final microstructure was observed in two defined points of the forged parts. The technological processes were measured by dilatometry measuring which helped optimizing the whole process. The final process was verified by experimental forging on the forging press.
Muhammad Nurdin
Universitas Halu Oleo, Indonesia
Title: TiO2 mineral from Ilmenite : Development of extraction method and its characterization
Time : 17:00-17:20
Biography:
Muhammad Nurdin has completed his PhD at the University of Indonesia, Jakarta and Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan (Sandwich Program). He is the head of Photocatalyst Laboratory at the Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari, Indonesia. He has published more than 20 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as a Commissioner of Environmental Impact Analysis of the Province of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Abstract:
Study on mineral characterization and TiO2 extraction by leaching method using H2SO4 on iron sand of Tapunggaya–Southeast Sulawesi has been conducted. Results of initial testing using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-Ray Flouresence (XRF) on sample of Tapunggaya iron sand showed that there were 4 major compounds namely Fe2O3, TiO2, MgO, and SiO2 in the mineral. TiO2 extraction was conducted using sulphate method, by reacting milled iron sand with sulfuric acid at high temperatures (>110°C) for ± 30 minutes. Titanium extract was then heated at a temperature of 90°C to precipitate TiO2. The precipitate was obtained by centrifugation at 10,000 rpm for 10 minutes to solidify the precipitate and separate from the liquid phase of H2O and the remaining sulfuric acid. Subsequently, the extract was calcined for ±7 hours at temperature of 500oC and 1000oC to obtain TiO2 anatase and rutile then purified with HCl and HNO3. XRD and XRF characterization results showed the obtained TiO2 extract containing anatase of 8.97% (70.3°; 1.337 Å) and rutile of 19.78% (54.2°; 1.699 Å).
Atinuke Oladoye
Dublin City University, Ireland
Title: Optimisation of pack chromising process for proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell bipolar plate applications
Time : 17:20-17:35
Biography:
Atinuke Oladoye is a doctoral student at the School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Ireland. She holds a B.SC and M.SC in Metallurgical & Materials Engineering from the University of Lagos, Nigeria. Her research interest focuses on development and characterisation of surface coatings for corrosion protection as well as process optimisation via statistical modelling.
Abstract:
PEM fuel cells are clean power sources that possess the potential to improve global energy security and reduce greenhouse emissions if successfully commercialised for transportation, portable and distributed power generation. However, cost and durability of graphite bipolar plates is one of the major challenges hindering the widespread use of PEM fuel cells for such applications. Stainless steels are considered as candidate materials for replacement of graphite due to their low cost, light weight as well as amenability to low cost/high volume manufacturing processes such as stamping. Conversely, stainless steels corrode under the working conditions of PEM fuel cells resulting in performance degradation. In order to improve the corrosion resistance of stainless steels various surface modification processes including pack chromising have been investigated using the one-factor-at-a-time method which are time consuming and capital intensive. In this study, Box–Behnken experimental design is employed to investigate the influence of process parameters on the thickness and corrosion resistance of chromised 304 stainless steel in a simulated PEM fuel cell environment. Coating thickness was measured using scanning electron microscope and corrosion resistance was evaluated by electrochemical polarisation in 0.5MH2SO4+2ppmHF at 70oC. The single and interaction effects of process parameters namely: activator content, temperature and time, as well as the optimal conditions to produce a coating with maximum corrosion resistance were examined. The results indicated that temperature and time were the most significant process parameters and that with proper choice of these parameters; chromised coatings which satisfy the requirements for bipolar plate’s application can be produced.
Lenka Techniková
Technical University of Liberec, Czech Republic
Title: A comparison of two different principles of 3D surface reconstruction with regard to fabric defect detection
Time : 17:35-17:50
Biography:
Lenka Techniková has completed her Master degree in 2010 from Technical University of Liberec. Now she studies PhD in the same university and she is going to graduate in autumn 2015. She has published more than 6 papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
This paper compares efficiency of two different methods for 3D fabric surface reconstruction with defects. Efficiency of the methods is evaluated according to the accuracy of 3D reconstruction, especially to detection of fabric defects and their respective characteristics. In this case, the defects of a fabric mean pills. Pills are small balls of entangled fibers on top of a fabric surface and they occur on every type of fabrics. Existing methods for pilling evaluation have tried to find an effective procedure for detection of pills in a fabric image. It is very important to obtain an accurate method for 3D surface reconstruction and subsequent detection of pills. In the present study, the tested methods differ in principle of creation of 3D surface. First method (method A) is called gradient filed method. In method A, the fabric is illuminated successively from four sides, one after another, to obtain a set of four images. The principle of this method is based on use of the shadows of pills from these four images. Subsequently, two gradient images of the fabric are estimated from the set of four images. A special algorithm reconstructs the fabric surface in 3D using just these two gradient images. Second method (method B) uses noncontact laser profilometry for 3D surface reconstruction. Instrument Talysurf CLI 500 was used to trace the surface fabrics and to reconstruct the profile of the fabric surface. Method B is more time consuming and expensive than method A. Results showed that the method A should be more reliable for this purpose.
Babatunde Abiodun Obadele
Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa
Title: Dry and wet sliding wear behaviours of laser-clad TiNiZrO2 coatings in 3.5% NaCl
Time : 17:50-18:05
Biography:
Babatunde A. Obadele will be completing his PhD later this year from the Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa.
Abstract:
The wear behaviours of Ti6Al4V and laser-clad TiNIZrO2 composite coatings were studied by considering the effect of different applied loads (5, 15, 25 and 35 N) in dry and wet conditions. The studies were performed on a ball-on-disk tribometer. The microhardness of the clad layers was calculated. The surface morphology and the composition of the coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) respectively. The results show that TiNIZrO2 composite coatings exhibited high microhardness, low friction coefficient and high wear resistance compared with Ti6Al4V alloy under similar experimental conditions. The microstructural changes due to ZrO2 additions played a significant role in the wear performance of the laser-clad TiNi alloy.
Dongwei Wang
Southwest Jiaotong University, China
Title: Antibiotic release from implant surfaces using immobilized PLGA microspheres
Time : 18:05-18:20
Biography:
Dongwei Wang is a PhD student at School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, China. Her main interests include porous bone implants，drug delivery systems and surface modification.
Abstract:
Postoperative infections are a serious complication in the clinical applications of bone implants. Antibiotic release from the implant surfaces is a promising approach to address this problem. However, a general technique suitable for the incoproration and controlled release of various antibiotics from various implants has not been developed. Here, we report a versatile method for loading and releasing a variety of antibiotics from bone implants. Polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) microspheres containing triclosan (an oil-soluble antibiotic) or gentamicin (a water-soluble antibiotic) were separately synthesized by solvent evaporation methods. The microspheres were surface-immobilized on polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) discs by suspension in water, pipetting on the discs, and vacuum drying. Scanning electron microscopy and total organic content analysis showed that, ~85% of the microspheres remained attached to the disc surfaces even after immersion in phosphate buffered saline for 12 d. Triclosan-loaded PLGA microspheres gave a slow sustained in vitro release, while gentamicin-loaded PLGA microspheres showed initial burst release and a subsequent slow release. After co-culture with E. coli or S. aureus for 24 h, discs carrying triclosan- or gentamicin-loaded PLGA microspheres produced clear inhibition zones, indicating antibacterial activities. This simple method can be applied to a variety of drugs, substrates, and microsphere materials. For example, ciprofloxacin-loaded PLGA microspheres were also successfully immobilized on hydroxyapatite-coated titanium surfaces by this method, and in vitro bacterial culture tests confimred that the resulting samples had antibacterial properties.
Olawale Fatoba
Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa
Title: Improved corrosion and wear resistance of laser alloyed Al-Sn coatings on UNS G10150 steel in acidic environment: Artificial neural model approach
Biography:
FATOBA is currently a PhD researcher rounding up his doctorate degree at Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa. He holds B.S (Mechanical Engineering) degree and M.S degrees in Mechanical Engineering & Metallurgical and Materials Engineering. My research work is on Laser Based Surface Engineering of Steels for Enhanced Service Performance as well as process optimization via Artificial Neural Network, Genetic Algorithm, Finite Element Method, Taguchi and Response Surface Models. My research experience has culminated in publications of over 15 articles in peer-reviewed Journals and several oral presentations in both local and international conferences.
Abstract:
Surface deterioration by corrosion is one of the complications associated with ageing facilities and components especially under some service environments. The research work examines the corrosion behaviour of laser alloyed UNS-G10150 steel; coatings have been obtained by laser surface alloying technique. Binary combinations of Al/Sn metallic powders were mixed and injected onto the surface of UNSG10150 mild steel substrate under different laser processing parameters. The steel alloyed samples were cut to corrosion coupons, immersed in hydrochloric acid (1M HCl) solution at 280C using electrochemical and gravimetric techniques and investigated for its corrosion behaviour. The morphologies and microstructures of the developed coatings and uncoated samples were characterized by Optic Nikon Optical microscope (OPM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM/EDS). Moreover, X-ray diffractometer (XRD) was used to identify the phases present. The improved surface properties were attributed to the formation of new intermetallic and corrosion phases (Al3Sn9, Al5Sn6, AlSn(OH)6, Al2SnO4, Al5(OH)8Cl2.H2O, Sn3O(OH)2Cl4, Al4ClO4(OH)7) and fine eutectic microstructures. In addendum, Artificial Neural Network Model [ANN] was used for the optimization and modeling of the laser parameters since processing parameters played an important role in the quality of alloyed coating produced. Corresponding experimental results show a good qualitative conformity with the numerical model predictions.
Ilker Polatoglu
Celal Bayar University, Turkey
Title: Enhancement of sensing performance for electrochemical Tyrosinase biosensor by using magnetite nanomaterials
Biography:
He received his Master degree from Chemical Engineering Program at Izmir Institute of Technology in 2005. He started working as research assistant at this University from 2004 to 2012. During this experience he was also graduated from Chemical Engineering Program at this University with PhD degree in 2012. Since Semtember 2012, he has been working as Assistant Professor in Department of Bioengineering at Celal Bayar University. He is the Vice Chair of Bioengineering Department. His research interest is mainly electrochemical enzyme sensor and DNA biosensor.
Abstract:
The enzymatic biosensors show remarkable advantage with respect to spectrophotometric and chromatographic techniques in order to determine the pesticide residue, phenolic compound and also GDO at low level. It is possible to detect the low level of analyte by enhancing the sensor signal. In this respect, the key factor is immobilization of enzyme to the appropriate support material. Recently magnetic nanomaterials are becoming the focus of researchers due to their special properties such as strong superparamagnetism, low toxicity and large surface area provides high enzyme loading. Some stabilizers (surfactants, metal nanoparticles and polymeric compounds) have been used to prevent aggregation of magnetic nanomaterials. Among them natural polymer “chitosan†possess several features including biodegradable, biocompatible, bioactive, nontoxic, film forming ability, physiological inertness and high mechanical strength. In this study, tyrosinase enzyme will be immobilized on magnetite (Fe3O4)-chitosan nanocomposite film. According to the preliminary data it is thought to be enhance the sensor signal, since Fe3O4 nanoparticles provide another pathway for electron transfer. The sensor components (chitosan film, Fe3O4 nanoparticles, Fe3O4 nanoparticle-chitosan support and tyrosinase-Fe3O4-chitosan nanobiocomposite film) will be characterized by AFM, FTIR and SEM to reliaze the surface morphology, binding mechanisms and surface image of each material respectively. The analytical performance of the developed sensor will be tested by using electrochemical measurement (cyclic voltometry and amperometry). Catechol will be used as substrate to monitor sensor signal (the electrochemical reduction of enzymatically produced product “o-quinones†to the catechol) as follows. catechol + tyrosinase (O2) ---> o-quinone + H2O (1) o-quinone + 2H+ +2e− ---> catechol (at electrode) (2)
Baris Kaynak
University of Leoben, Austria
Title: Molecular coating of molds and dies for polymer processing
Biography:
Baris Kaynak is a PhD student at the University of Leoben, Austria
Abstract:
The coatings of molds and dies in polymer industry, especially in extrusion and injection moulding sectors, have to fulfil several particular requirements. Coatings should primarily exhibit wear-reducing properties and anti-adhesive behaviour. These properties are required for many applications, and are also important to reduce demolding forces. Currently, the coating of tool surfaces is based on vacuum techniques such as physical vapour deposition, which is used to coat the metal surface with a thin inorganic layer (e.g. CrN and TiN) with a thickness in the micrometer range. However, vacuum processes are rather complex and costly procedures, and for purely inorganic coatings the generation of anti-adhesive effects is limited due to the high surface tension of such coatings. In this work, metallic tools are surface modified with various alkyl and perfluoroalkyl silanes from the liquid phase. In particular, these molecular coatings are investigated with respect to adhesive properties, durability and long-term stability. Tool steel surfaces are treated with acid (dilute HNO3) and corona discharges to create hydroxyl groups on the surface (“activationâ€). The modification of the metal surface is achieved by subsequent reaction of the surface hydroxyl groups with organosilanes. The characterization of the modified surfaces is performed by infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and contact angle measurements. It is shown that the surface energy of steel surfaces can be reduced significantly by application of the organosilanes. Using physic-chemical methods, the thermal stability of the silane layers is studied at 290°C in order to evaluate the applicability of such coatings for molds and dies used in the processing of thermoplastics (e.g. PC and PA). The stability is examined as a function of the structure of the modifying organosilane, layer thickness, and absence / presence of oxygen during the ageing test. When appropriate molecular structures and application techniques are selected, anti-adhesive silane layers exhibit a surprising thermal stability which makes them suitable candidates for the coating of tool steel. Most important, a renewal of silane coatings can be done in a convenient process without employing critical or toxic chemicals. The results are discussed with respect to applications in polymer processing.
El-Sayed M. Sherif
King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
Title: Effect of sintering temperature on the corrosion behavior of aluminum-titanium carbide alloy in sodium chloride solutions
Biography:
Prof. Sherif has been appointed Professor in the Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM) at KSU. He assumed his duties in October 2008. Prior to joining KSU, Prof. Sherif has been holding a Professor position at the National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, Egypt. He has previously held the positions of Associate Professor, Researcher, Researcher Assistant, and Assistant Researcher at NRC from 1994 till 2002. On Feb. 2004 and for a complete year, he served as a Postdoctoral Fellow for Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), South Korea. Prof. Sherif also spent three other years (Sept. 2005 to Sept. 2008) as a Postdoctoral Fellow for the University of the Witwatersrand (WITS), Johannesburg, South Africa. Prof. Sherif has more than 90 ISI papers, a book chapter, and attended more than 20 international conferences.
Abstract:
A series of aluminum-titanium carbide (Al-TiC) alloys was manufactured using mechanical alloying technique at different sintering temperatures, namely 900, 1100, and 1300 ºC. The effect of sintering temperature on the corrosion of these alloys in 3.5% NaCl solutions was investigated using cyclic potentiodynamic polarization, chronoamperometric current-time, open-circuit potential, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. The surface of the alloys after their corrosion in the test solution was investigated using scanning electron microscopy investigations. All results were consistent with each other and confirmed clearly that the corrosion resistance of Al alloys decreased with increasing the sintering temperature.
Nazarov Shuhratjon
University of Lille, France
Title: Influence lanthanum on corrosion electrochemical behavior of the alloy Ai + 6% Li
Biography:
Shuhratjon Nazarov is a PhD student at University of Lille, France.
Abstract:
Aluminum-lithium alloys are a new class of well-known aluminum systems and are characterized by excellent combination of mechanical properties, low density, increased elasticity modulus, and sufficiently high strength. This allows the creation of aerospace technology with a smaller mass, which gives the opportunity to save fuel, increase load capacity. Selection of lanthanum as an alloying element because it has a modifying effect on the structure of the alloy is beneficial to the corrosion resistance of aluminum. On the phase diagram Al-La by attaching aluminum eutectic reaction F-Al + LaAl4 at a concentration of 12% and 624°S. The solubility of lanthanum in solid aluminum is 0.05% at the eutectic temperature. The hardness, strength and elongation of aluminum virtually unchanged from administration of lanthanum. The last decade is characterized by the rapid expansion of the range of new, mainly plastics, metals and alloys, however, have been and remain the main structural materials in the manufacture of machinery, equipment, appliances, building construction, transportation and communications. In this regard, the improvement of methods and means of corrosion control is important not only for the possibility of reducing the economic loss from corrosion, but also to provide further technical progress.
Olaitan Lukman Akanji
Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa
Title: Electrochemical assessment of ammonium benzoate as corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in 0.5M HCl solution: Grey relational model approach
Biography:
Olaitan Lukman Akanji is studying towards completion of doctorate degree in chemical Engineering at department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of technology Pretoria South Africa with special focus on Corrosion control and Engineering. The research is aiming at using chemical inhibitor to mitigate corrosion that happen to materials used in industry. And special consideration will be given to modeling of surface corrosion.
Olaitan has authored and co- authored more than 8 peer reviewed journal papers on corrosion and corrosion modeling since he started his doctorate degree. He has attended conferences in countries such as Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland, Canada, France, Spain etc.
Abstract:
Surface deterioration by corrosion is one of the complications associated with ageing facilities and components especially under some service environments. Studies involving performance of corrosion inhibitors had been identified as one of the critical research needs for improving the durability of mild steel used in various industrial applications. This paper investigates the inhibiting effect of ammonium benzoate against the corrosion of mild steel in 0.5 M HCl. The steel samples were cut to corrosion coupons, and immersed in 0.5 M HCl at 30 oC and the corrosion behavior was investigated using weight loss and electrochemical techniques. The microstructures of the developed thin films and uncoated samples were characterized by optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM/EDS). X-ray diffractometer (XRD) was used to identify the phases present. Results of the study revealed that the compound (at 2 % v/v concentration) performed effectively giving a maximum inhibition efficiency of ~ 80 %. The adsorption of the inhibitor on the mild steel surface was found to obey Temkin’s adsorption isotherm. SEM observation confirmed the existence of an absorbed protective film on the metal surface. Grey Relational Model [GRA] was used for the optimization of the experimental parameters as the processing parameters played an important role in the quality of protective film produced. The optimal values obtained by the model were validated by experimental results.
Mahjoubi Fatima Zahra
University Hassan, Morrocco
Title: Synthesis, characterization and used of layered double hydroxides containing chloride as sorbent for environmental hazard
Biography:
Fatima zahra MAHJOUBI, doing her postdoctoral studies from Hassan II Casablanca University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Bioorganic Chemistry, Mohammedia, Morocco.
Abstract:
In recent decades, a class of anionic clays known as layered double hydroxides (LDHs) or hydrotalcite-like compounds has attracted considerable attention from both industries. The general formula for an LDH is [MII(1-x) MIIIx(OH)2] [An-x/n .mH2O], where MII represents a divalent metal and MIII represents a trivalent metal. An enormous variety of interlayer anions (An-) can be incorporated in LDHs such as CO32-, SO42-, NO3- or Cl-. From a structural viewpoint, the effect of divalent/trivalent cations and interlayer anionic composition may provide insights regarding the crystal chemistry of different LDHs types, which may ultimately govern their ability to adsorb organic pollutant. In this work, Mg-Al, Ni-Al and Zn-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) materials with molar ratio (M2+/Al3+) of 3 were synthesized via a co-precipitation route. The as-synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Simultaneous thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA). XRD analyses showed that Zn-Al-SO4 had the greatest lattices parameters followed by Mg-Al-SO4 and Ni-Al-SO4. FTIR confirmed clearly the presence of sulfates anions in the structure of LDHs in the interlayer. Two major stages of mass loss occurred for all the samples with better thermal stability of Zn-Al-SO4 vs. Ni-Al-SO4 and Mg-Al-SO4. The capability of LDHs for dye removal from aqueous solutions was investigated using methyl orange as a model and industrial textile effluent. The “batch†method for evaluating the adsorption of methyl orange dye into synthesized LDHs was investigated under various conditions such as solution pH, contact time and initial dye concentration. Experimental results showed that pH is the most affecting factor in the adsorbent. The effective pH range for dye removal was between 3.5 and 4.5. The adsorption process can be well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed using three isotherm models: Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich. The results showed that Langmuir model fit with exceptional maximum adsorption capacities of 2758, 1622 and 800 mg/g, respectively, for Zn-Al-SO4, Mg-Al-SO4 and Ni-Al-SO4.
Elza Khutsishvili
Ferdinand Tavadze Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Georgia
Title: Impurities effective distribution coefficient in Si at pulling from MG-Si melt
Biography:
Elza Khutsishvili has completed her PhD at the age of 31 years from Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University (TSU), Georgia. She is the scientist of Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials, Ferdinand Tavadze Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science and the Principal research worker of Institute of Materials Research of TSU. She has published more than 89 works in reputed journals.
Abstract:
Silicon is still the basic active component of modern high-performance semiconductor devices, especially for the terrestrial photo energetics. However further development of Si producing is held back by high cost price because of laborious and quite complicated technologies and application of dangerous materials. In this connection the search of other environmentally clean technologies of Si producing is very actual. In given work ecologically pure technology of normal directional crystallization and pulling from melt have been applied for direct purification of metallurgical Si. Initial metallurgical grade Si was 98%Si purity in mass with 2% of collection of unwanted impurities. Investigations of Si purification processes by normal directional crystallization with multiple remelting show, that the most effect of purification is achieved after third remelting of Si. As in the previous exsperiment metallurgical Si has been purified practically from majority of impurities by crystal pulling too. Data of effective coefficient of distribution of major impurities in Si satisfy to k0 ≤ k ≤1 inequality. Different mechanisms or their combination of . the purification processes of Si from impurities and peculiarities of impurities effective distribution coefficient in Si at pulling from MG-Si melt are discussed.
- Track 8: Electrical, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Track 11: Polymer Technology
Chair
Matthew E. Edwards
AAMU, USA
Co-Chair
Santiranjan Shannigrahi
Institute of Materials Reserach and Engineering, Singapore
Session Introduction
Matthew E. Edwards
Alabama Agricultural & Mechanical University, USA
Title: Physical mechanisms of temperature dependent surface resistivity outcomes of doped nanoparticles, and single-wall or multi-wall carbon nanotubes polyvinyl alcohol thin films
Time : 16:05-16:25
Biography:
Since January 2002, Dr. Matthew E. Edwards has held the position of Professor of Physics in the Department of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics at Alabama A&M University, Normal, AL and served as Dean, of the School of Arts and Sciences, from 2007 to 2011, a period of 4.5 years. Dr. Edwards is a Condensed Matter Physicist with research expertise in (1) materials of electrooptics, (2) pyroelectric/resistivity/dielectric properties of crystals and nano-particles doped organic thin films, (3) the production of large organic thin films, (4) Solitons wave theory, and (5) STEM Education research and problem solving.
Abstract:
Recently, through using the combined Keithley Model 6517 Electrometer and Keithley Model 8009 resistivity test fixture, we have measured and subsequently reported surface resistivity temperature dependent measurements of in-house, produced pristine, multi-wall carbon nanotubes or silver nanoparticles doped, organic polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) thin films and commercial paper thin films. As dielectric composites, our measurements have shown a characteristic behavior for the surface resistivity as initially decreasing from a beginning value at 22°C, reaching a minimal resistivity and then continuing to increase monotonically as the temperature was raised to 40°C, which is the temperature upper-limit of our measurement system. In this regard, ten different physical mechanisms have been suggested as the cause of such resistivity versus temperature measurements. Of these mechanisms, two are based on classical behavior and the other eight on quantum mechanical behavior. The ten mechanisms, with the first four being of electrode-limited conduction mechanisms kind and the remaining six of bulk-limited mechanisms kind are: 1) Schottky emission, 2) Fowler-Nordheim tunneling, 3) Direct tunneling, 4) Thermionic-field emission, 5) Poole-Frenkele emission, 6) Hopping conduction, 7) Ohmic conduction, 8) Space-charge limited conduction, 9) Ionic conduction, and 10) Grain-boundary-limited conduction. Here, we give the interpretation of our measured results for the causes of the temperature dependent surface resistivity of these composite materials. In addition, for comparison opportunity and greater clarity of our observed surface resistivity results, we give our first time measurements of doped single-wall carbon nanotubes PVA thin films, as they relate to previously measured multi-wall carbon nanotubes thin films.
Santiranjan Shannigrahi
Institute of Materials Reserach and Engineering, Singapore
Title: Polymer-ceramic composite film fabrication and characterization for harsh environment applications
Time : 16:25-16:45
Biography:
Shannigrahi has completed his PhD from Indian Instute of Technology. He is working as a scientist in IMRE, one of teh A*STAR research institute in Singapore. He has published more than 80 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of repute.
Abstract:
Polymer-ceramic composites are gaining importance due to their high specific strength, corrosion resistance, and high mechanical properties as well as low cost. As a result Polymer composites are suitable for various industrial applications, like automobiles, aerospace and biomedical areas. The present works comprises development of polymer/ceramic composite films and are tested for harsh environment including weatherability and UV barrier properties. The polymer composite films are kept in weather chamber for a fixed period of time followed by tested for their physical, mechanical and chemical properties. The composites films are fabricated using compounding followed by hot pressing. UV visible spectroscopy results reveal that the pure polymer polyethylene (PE) films are transparent in the visible range and do not absorb UV. However, polymer ceramic composite films start absorbing UV completely even at very low filler loading amount of 5 wt.%. The changes in tensile properties of the various composite films before and after UV illuminations for 40 hrs and at 60ï‚°C. The tensile strength of neat PE film has been observed 8% reduction, whereas the remarkable increase in tensile strength has been observed (18% improvement for 10 wt. % filled composites films). The UV exposure leads to strengthen the crosslinking among PE polymer chains in the filled composite films, which contributes towards the incremented tensile strength properties.
Tsuyoshi Uchiyama
Nagoya University, Japan
Title: Development of highly sensitive micro magnetic sensor for biomagnetic field measurement utilizing magneto-impedance element
Time : 16:45-17:05
Biography:
Tsuyoshi Uchiyama has completed his PhD (Ph.D in Engineering) at the age of 27 years from Nagoya University. He now is an Associate professor of Intelligent Device, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Graduate School of Engineering.
Abstract:
Magnetization dynamics by pulse excitation in amorphous wire is limited in the surface layer by skin effect due to magnetic rotation. We have constituted highly sensitive linear micro magnetic field sensors utilizing Off-diagonal Magneto-Impedance (MI) effect. Recently we have succeeded in producing pico-Tesla (10-8Oe) resolution MI sensors due to ultra-low intrinsic magnetic noise of amorphous wire. Superconducting quantum interference deice (SQUID) have ultrasensitive, which have been utilized for biomagnetic signals. For example, magnetocardiography (MCG) is a noninvasive technology that measures the magnetic field of the heart. It was developed for general-purpose use as a noninvasive, noncontact diagnostic tool for detecting obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). The SQUID has been also used to measure the human brain. The application of brain signals detection was developed in various fields. In medicine area, it could be implemented in such as brain injury inspection, diagnosis of neocortical epilepsy, telemedicine or cognitive functions research. And with advances in sensing technology, neuroprosthetics applications based on brain computer interfacing (BCI) could be improved and used to restore damaged hearing, sight or movement. Comparing with the SQUIDs, MI sensor is smaller, lower cost and no need for low temperature operation. The brainwaves of mean N100 and P300 ERP elicited by audio stimuli have been measured by MI sensor. Brainwave measurement results of MI sensor will be presented and the results will be compared with SQUID\\\'s or EEG\\\'s results. The measurement results for MCG by MI sensor also will be presented.
Kazuhisa SATO
Tohoku University, Japan
Title: Strength, elastic and electrical properties of non-stoichiometric materials under various Oxygen partial pressures
Time : 17:05-17:25
Biography:
Dr. Kazuhisa Sato, Ph.D.-Engineering, now is an Associate professor of Fracture and Reliability Research Institute and Graduate School of Environmental Studies. He got his Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering degree (Ph.D.), specialist in fracture mechanics and electrochemistry, at Tohoku University in 2005. And he had worked as a COE Fellow at Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 2005-2006. Then, he had worked as an Assistant Professor, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2006-2011. Finally, he has worked as an Associate Professor, Fracture and Reliability Research Institute, Tohoku University, 2011-present. Dr. Kazuhisa Sato’s researches focus on the Fracture mechanics and Electrochemistry in electrochemical devices.
Abstract:
Fracture strength and Young’s modulus of ceria doped with 10 mol.% Gd and 10, 20 and 30 mol.% Y were investigated by means of small punch testing method under controlled the temperature (1073 K) and the oxygen partial pressure (log((p(O2)/atm)= -1.1, 17.5, -21.4, -22.0). Under the reducing conditions, the color of fractured doped ceria specimen changed from pale yellow to gray, it is therefore indicated that oxygen nonstoichiometry affects mechanical properties of the doped ceria. Under the low oxygen partial pressure the Young’s modulus of all the specimens decreased monotonically. The fracture strength, by contrast, increased at log(p(O2)/atm) = -17.5, and under the lower oxygen partial pressure, different variation trends showed each yttria doped cerias with Y contents. The oxygen partial pressure dependence of the fracture strength of doped ceria could be arranged as a function of the reduction expansion of the lattice constant a/a0.
Apisit Chittawanij
National Formosa University, Taiwan
Title: Auxiliary anode on large-area organic light-emitting diode lighting
Time : 17:25-17:40
Biography:
Mr. Apisit Chittawanij was born in Chiang Mai, Thailand on May 7, 1982. He received the B. S. degree and M. S. degree from Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand in 2007 and 2011. Recently, he is studying doctoral program in Institute of Electro-Optical and Materials Science, National Formosa University, Taiwan. His research interest in organic light - emitting diodes includes materials, high efficiency, encapsulation, and long life time and solution process of OLEDs.
Abstract:
Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been made for full color displays. However, many issues are involved in the fabrication of large-area OLED panels such as a short circuit, low luminous intensity, nonuniformity of light emission, etc.The nonuniform light distribution is attributed to the limiting conductivity of ITO. Therefore, an auxiliary metal electrode as grid patterned on ITO has been used. In this work, we investigate the feasibility to control the auxiliary metal electrodeeffects in OLEDs by introducing a striped Ag and Au metal layer between ITO/HTL layers. Toprovide guidelines for design optimization of large-area OLED panels such as the spaceand thickness of the patterned metal lines andthe OLED layer thickness are investigated. We have first fabricated the small-area (3x3 cm2) OLED device without auxiliary electrodeinstructureofITO/CuPc (10 nm)/NPB (40 nm)/Alq3(60 nm)/LiF (0.8 nm)/Al (150 nm).The resultshows the luminance, current efficiency and driving voltage of 764 cd/m2, 3.82 cd/A and 9.25 V, respectively, at 20 mA/cm2.Then, to obtainedhomogeneous light, we have deposited auxiliary Ag or Auon ITO, patterned Ag or Auin the form of a gridwith a grid space of 2, 4, and 6mmin device structureofITO/Agor Au(15 nm)/CuPc (10 nm)/NPB (40 nm)/Alq3(60 nm)/LiF (0.8 nm)/Al (150 nm). Itwas seen that the optimal auxiliary electrode material and line space ofAu in linespace 6 mm were obtained. The result shows the luminance, current efficiency and driving voltage of 690 cd/m2, 3.45 cd/A and 7.49 V, respectively, at 20 mA/cm2.The snapshot light emissionofthe 3x3 cm2OLED ofAu line space 6 mm metal gridswere investigated. The average luminance of420.9 cd/m2and uniform luminance of 95% at 10mA/cm2were achieved.This uniform luminance is higher than that of without metal grids about 9.8 %. Finally, the auxiliary electrode of Ag and Au grid wereapplied to the area of 6x6 cm2OLED device.The large-area OLED panel is shown in Fig. 1.The Au inline space 6 nm device shows highthe luminance, current efficiencyand low driving voltage is 203cd/m2, 2.03cd/A and 9.5Vat current density of 20 mA/cm2, respectively.While theAginline space 4nm device shows highuniform luminance of 94%. This indicates that the grid metal layers are expected to be helpful in reducing the sheet resistance of the transparent electrode;we expectedthat our approach can be easily integrated with existing OLED architectures, in particular, large-area device
Najmeh Bolandhemat
Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
Title: A first-principles study on the structural and electronic properties of CdCr2O4 from density functional theory
Time : 17:40-17:55
Biography:
Najmeh Bolandhemat has completed her M.Sc. in Condensed Matter from Shiraz University, Iran, and is in her 3rd year of PhD in Materials Science in Department of Physics, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM). Prior to moving to Malaysia as a PhD student, she was a research assistant in Shiraz University, and Instructor of General Physics, Principle of Modern Physics, and Electromagnetism laboratory in Fars Science and Research branch University as well as Sarvestan University. Currently she is a research assistant in UPM University with a publication in the Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience (JCTN), and another one in process of being published (accepted) in PhysicaA; statistical mechanics and its applications.
Abstract:
A First-principles Study on the Structural, and Electronic Properties of CdCr2O4 from Density Functional Theory: In this research, we have investigated the structural, and electronic properties of geometrically frustrated Spinel CdCr2O4 with cubic(ð¹Ì…ð‘‘Ì…Ì…3Ì…ð‘š) and tetragonal ( â„ ) structures using a pseudopotential plane wave (PP-PW) method within the local density approximation (GGA).We optimized the crystal structures with the FM and AFM orderings, and computed the electronic properties to investigate the magnetic properties in the geometrically frustrated ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic spinel CdCr2O4 using density functional theory and understanding of the principles of Quantum espresso in magnetic materials. On the other hand, the effect of magnetism were obtained and analyzed on the basis of charge density distribution, density of states (DOS), and project density of states (PDOS).
N.P.G.N.Chandrasekara
University of New South Wales, Australia
Title: Polyampholytic resins: advances in ion exchanging properties
Biography:
N.P.G.N. Chandrasekara is a PhD student in chemistry of UNSW Canberra, Australia. Her qualifications include BSc (chemistry) sp. with a fist class honors from University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka and has worked as a chemist in charge at Yugadanavi 300MW Combined Cycle Power Plant, Kerawalapitiya, Sri Lanka from 2009-2012. She has involved in water treatment processes as Ultra filtration, Reverse osmosis in both sea water and brackish water and demineralization using resin mix bed. Her current research interests are on water treatment, desalination and on ion exchange processes. She has two major publications and a submitted patent application.
Abstract:
Ion exchange (IEX) resins are commonly available as cationic or anionic resins but not as polyampholytic resins. This is probably because sequential acid and base washing cannot produce complete regeneration of polyampholytic resins with chemically attached anionic and cationic groups in close proximity. The “Sirotherm†process, developed by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) in Melbourne, Australia was originally based on the use of a physical mixture of weakly basic (WB) and weakly acidic (WA) ion-exchange resin beads. These resins were regenerated thermally and they were capable of removing salts from an aqueous solution at higher temperatures compared to the salt sorbed at ambient temperatures with a significant reduction of the sorption capacity with increasing temperature. A new process for the efficient regeneration of mixed bead resins using ammonium bicarbonate with heat was studied recently and this chemical/thermal regeneration technique has the capability for completely regenerating polyampholytic resins. Even so, the low IEX capacities of polyampholytic resins restrict their commercial applications. Recently, we have established another novel process for increasing the IEX capacity of a typical polyampholytic resin. In this paper we will discuss the chemical/thermal regeneration of a polyampholytic (WA/WB) resin and a novel process for enhancing its ion exchange capacity, by increasing its internal pore area. We also show how effective this method is for completely recycled regeneration, with the potential of substantially reducing chemical waste.
Edith Yohanna Ishidi
Nigerian Institute of Leather and Science Technology, Nigeria
Title: Physio - Mechanical properties and micro – structural studies of some agro – wastes - HDPE composites
Biography:
Engr. Dr. Mrs. Edith Yohanna Ishidi is a Fellow of the Nigerian Society of Engineers. She has a first and Second Degree in Polymer Engineering ( Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo state) and P.hD in Fiber and Polymer Technology, ( Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria) Presently Working for the Nigeria Ministry of Science and Technology, under Nigerian Institute of Leather and Science Technology.
Abstract:
In order to clean up the environment, reduce material cost and produce material with required properties for different applications; coconut shell, groundnut shell and palm kernel nut shell were incorporated into high density polyethylene (HDPE). Two roll mill was used for the mixing of agro - wastes into HDPE polymer matrix. The formulated composites were subjected to different physio - mechanical property tests and micro – structural analysis: Advanced Material Testing Machine, Shore “A†hardness tester and Quanta 200 Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM) were used for the test. Properties such as density and percentage water absorption were also studied. The results obtained showed that the agro wastes impacted on the mechanical properties of the high density polyethylene (HDPE) significantly. The composites fabricated showed an improved hardness at 100g filler content and their densities ranged from 0.8g/cm3 to 0.9g/cm3. The densities of the resultant composites could compete favourably with some common building materials. The ESEM showed a fair interaction of the various agro wastes with the polymer matrix. This was evident in the structures formed as a result of the interaction between the two materials.
Ravinder Dachepalli
Osmania University, India
Title: Influence on the dielectric properties of citrate-gel prepared Lithium Nano Ferrites by Aluminum substitution
Biography:
Prof.D. Ravinder is working as a Professor , Department of Physics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. His research work on magnetic and electrical properties of ferrites, thin films, GMR materials, Cu-Co alloy thin films and nano-materials by pulsed laser deposition, sol gel, citrate precursor method and electro deposition. To his credit, he has published 175 research papers in International Journals. He has been awarded Young Scientist award received by Dr. Abdual Kalam (former president of India), for outstanding contributions in the field of science and Technology, UGC research award, Boyscast by DST ( Department of science and technology), Government of India, JSPS fellowship Japan and Royal Society fellowship, UK. He also visited USA, UK, Canada,Sweden, Ireland, Singapore and Japan for Collaborative Research and invited talks.
Abstract:
Single phase soft ferrite nano crystallites could be synthesized by different methods. We have tried to synthesize Al doped lithium nano ferrites with a chemical formula Li0.5AlxFe2.5-xO4 (where x=0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0) using citrate-gel auto combustion technique at low temperature (180oC) to improve their properties. It is a unique combination of the combustion and the chemical gelation processes. They are obtained as dried gel after the successful chemical reaction of these compositions of respective metal nitrate solutions in the midst of citric acid as catalyst. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals that all the samples posses a single phase cubic spinel structure. The dielectric parameters such as dielectric constant, loss tangent, AC conductivity of the sample were studied as a function of frequency in the range of 20 Hz to 2 MHz at room temperature using Agilent E4980 Precession LCR Meter. The dielectric constant(ɛ'), loss tangent (tan δ), AC conductivity (σac) of the sample shows a normal dielectric behavior with frequency which reveals that the dispersion is due to the Maxwell-Wagner type interfacial polarization and hoping of electrons between the Fe+2 and Fe+3. On the basis of these results the explanation of dielectric mechanism in Li-Al nano ferrites is suggested.
Norhaniza Yusof
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia
Title: Adsorption of Cadmium (Cd) via adsorptive PES-HFO ultrafiltration mixed matrix membrane
Biography:
Norhaniza Yusof is the Faculty of Petroleum and Renewable Energy Engineering at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia
Abstract:
In this work, novel Polyethersulfone (PES)/hydrous ferric dioxide (HFO) ultrafiltration (UF) mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) were prepared for adsorptive removal of Cadmium (Cd) by varying the weight ratio of HFO:PES in the membrane from 0 to 1.5. The membranes prepared were characterized with respect to chemical structure, surface roughness and structural morphology using FTIR, AFM and SEM-EDX, respectively. The effects of HFO loadings on the membrane pure water flux, hydrophilicity, porosity and Cd adsorption capacity were also studied. The results showed that although the membrane pore size tended to decrease with increasing HFO:PES weight ratio, the membrane water flux was not negatively affected. Instead the membrane water flux was increased with increasing HFO loadings which was attributable to the decreased contact angle value (more hydrophilic), increased porosity and greater surface roughness. Of all the membranes studied, it is found that the MMM prepared from the highest HFO:PES ratio demonstrated the highest Cd uptake capacity and is comparable to other available commercial adsorbents.
Hamed Mirhosseini
Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
Title: Effect of heat treatment and microwave modification on emulsifying activity and rheological properties and of gum karaya
Biography:
Hamed Mirhosseini has completed his PhD at the age of 27 from Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) and postdoctoral flow research at the age of 28 from the same university. He is the associate professor in Faculty of food science and Technology, UPM. He used to work for food industry for more than 6 years when he was doing master research since 1998 to 2004. He has published more than 80 articles in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member and potential reviewers for more than 15 journals.
Abstract:
Gum karaya (GK) is a polysaccharide gum from Sterculia urens tree. It is used as an emulsifier and thickening agent in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. However, it has very strong swelling properties, high viscosity, and low solubility, providing the restricted applications in food industry. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different heat treatment and microwave variables (i.e. time: 8, 10 and 12 min; power: 700 and 1000 W) on the functional properties of gum karaya (GK) in the aqueous system and oil in water (O/W) emulsion. In this regard, the rheological properties, emulsifying activity, average droplet size, and surface morphology of the native- and microwave-treated gums were analysed and compared. Dynamic oscillatory test indicated that the microwave treated gum karaya had more gel-like behaviour than viscous-like behaviour (G′ > G″) at a relatively high concentration (20% or 20g/100g). When gum karaya was treated by microwave for 8-12 min, both elastic (G′) and viscous (G″) moduli were declined. The native- and microwave treated gum karaya exhibited a shear-thinning (pseudoplastic) behaviour in the aqueous system and O/W emulsion. The results showed that the microwave treated gum karaya had smaller particle than the native gum in the aqueous system. On the other hand, the emulsion containing the microwave treated gum karaya had finer emulsion droplets than the control containing the native gum karaya. This confirmed that the application of microwave treatment led to significantly (p < 0.05) improve the emulsifying activity of gum karaya.
Wancheng Zhou
Northwestern Polytechnical University, China
Title: Improvement of oxidation resistance of carbonyl iron powder through cobalt-coating
Biography:
Wancheng Zhou has completed his Ph.D in 1990 from Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Northwestern Polytechnical University and postdoctoral studies in 1993 from Iowa State University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering. He is a professor in Northwestern Polytechnical University. He has published more than 200 papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
Carbonyl iron powder is commonly used as an absorber in microwave absorbing coatings. However, the resistances of carbonyl iron powder to oxidation and corrosion are not good. In this work, carbonyl iron powder is coated with cobalt through electroless plating to increase the resistance to oxidation and corrosion. Original and cobalt-coated carbonyl iron powders were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), thermogravimetric (TG) and microwave network analyzer, respectively. The original and cobalt-coated carbonyl iron powders were embedded in polyimide to form coatings to study the complex permeability and permittivity before and after heat treatment in air at different temperatures and different time. The results show that the cobalt-coating slightly decreases both the real part and the imaginary part of the permeability of the carbonyl iron powder, and remarkably increase both the real part and the imaginary part of the permittivity of the carbonyl iron powder. After heat treatment at 250oC and 300oC, respectively, the permeability of both coated and non-coated carbonyl iron powders decreases and the permittivity of both coated and non-coated carbonyl iron powders increases. However, the degree of decrease in permeability and increase in permittivity of the cobalt-coated carbonyl iron powder is smaller than those of the non-coated carbonyl iron powder. The cobalt-coating increases the oxidization resistance of the carbonyl iron powder.